/*
 * #%L
 * HAPI FHIR - Client Framework
 * %%
 * Copyright (C) 2014 - 2025 Smile CDR, Inc.
 * %%
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 * #L%
 */
package ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.impl;

import ca.uhn.fhir.context.BaseRuntimeChildDefinition;
import ca.uhn.fhir.context.BaseRuntimeElementCompositeDefinition;
import ca.uhn.fhir.context.BaseRuntimeElementDefinition;
import ca.uhn.fhir.context.FhirContext;
import ca.uhn.fhir.context.FhirVersionEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.context.IRuntimeDatatypeDefinition;
import ca.uhn.fhir.context.RuntimeResourceDefinition;
import ca.uhn.fhir.i18n.Msg;
import ca.uhn.fhir.model.api.IQueryParameterType;
import ca.uhn.fhir.model.api.Include;
import ca.uhn.fhir.model.api.ResourceMetadataKeyEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.model.base.resource.BaseOperationOutcome;
import ca.uhn.fhir.model.primitive.IdDt;
import ca.uhn.fhir.model.primitive.InstantDt;
import ca.uhn.fhir.model.primitive.UriDt;
import ca.uhn.fhir.model.valueset.BundleEntryTransactionMethodEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.parser.IParser;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.CacheControlDirective;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.Constants;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.DeleteCascadeModeEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.EncodingEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.IVersionSpecificBundleFactory;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.MethodOutcome;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.PagingHttpMethodEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.PatchTypeEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.PreferReturnEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.SearchStyleEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.SearchTotalModeEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.SortOrderEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.SortSpec;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.StringOutcome;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.api.SummaryEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.api.IGenericClient;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.api.IHttpClient;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.api.IHttpRequest;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.api.UrlSourceEnum;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.exceptions.NonFhirResponseException;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.method.DeleteMethodBinding;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.method.HistoryMethodBinding;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.method.HttpDeleteClientInvocation;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.method.HttpGetClientInvocation;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.method.HttpSimpleClientInvocation;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.method.IClientResponseHandler;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.method.MethodUtil;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.method.OperationMethodBinding;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.method.ReadMethodBinding;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.method.SearchMethodBinding;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.method.SortParameter;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.method.TransactionMethodBinding;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.client.method.ValidateMethodBindingDstu2Plus;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IBaseQuery;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IClientExecutable;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IClientHttpExecutable;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.ICreate;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.ICreateTyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.ICreateWithQuery;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.ICreateWithQueryTyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.ICriterion;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.ICriterionInternal;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IDelete;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IDeleteTyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IDeleteWithQuery;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IDeleteWithQueryTyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IEntityResult;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IFetchConformanceTyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IFetchConformanceUntyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IGetPage;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IGetPageTyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IGetPageUntyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IHistory;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IHistoryTyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IHistoryUntyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IMeta;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IMetaAddOrDeleteSourced;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IMetaAddOrDeleteUnsourced;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IMetaGetUnsourced;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IOperation;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IOperationProcessMsg;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IOperationProcessMsgMode;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IOperationUnnamed;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IOperationUntyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IOperationUntypedWithInput;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IOperationUntypedWithInputAndPartialOutput;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IParam;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IPatch;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IPatchExecutable;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IPatchWithBody;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IPatchWithQuery;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IPatchWithQueryTyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IQuery;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IRawHttp;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IRead;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IReadExecutable;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IReadIfNoneMatch;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IReadTyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.ISort;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.ITransaction;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.ITransactionTyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IUntypedQuery;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IUpdate;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IUpdateExecutable;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IUpdateTyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IUpdateWithQuery;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IUpdateWithQueryTyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IValidate;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.gclient.IValidateUntyped;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.param.DateParam;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.param.DateRangeParam;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.param.TokenParam;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.server.exceptions.BaseServerResponseException;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.server.exceptions.InvalidRequestException;
import ca.uhn.fhir.rest.server.exceptions.NotModifiedException;
import ca.uhn.fhir.util.ICallable;
import ca.uhn.fhir.util.ParametersUtil;
import ca.uhn.fhir.util.UrlUtil;
import com.google.common.base.Charsets;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.Validate;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.NonNull;
import org.hl7.fhir.instance.model.api.IBase;
import org.hl7.fhir.instance.model.api.IBaseBinary;
import org.hl7.fhir.instance.model.api.IBaseBundle;
import org.hl7.fhir.instance.model.api.IBaseConformance;
import org.hl7.fhir.instance.model.api.IBaseDatatype;
import org.hl7.fhir.instance.model.api.IBaseMetaType;
import org.hl7.fhir.instance.model.api.IBaseOperationOutcome;
import org.hl7.fhir.instance.model.api.IBaseParameters;
import org.hl7.fhir.instance.model.api.IBaseResource;
import org.hl7.fhir.instance.model.api.IIdType;
import org.hl7.fhir.instance.model.api.IPrimitiveType;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;

import static org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.defaultString;
import static org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.isBlank;
import static org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.isNotBlank;

/**
 * @author James Agnew
 * @author Doug Martin (Regenstrief Center for Biomedical Informatics)
 */
public class GenericClient extends BaseClient implements IGenericClient {

        private static final String I18N_CANNOT_DETEMINE_RESOURCE_TYPE =
                        GenericClient.class.getName() + ".cannotDetermineResourceTypeFromUri";
        private static final String I18N_INCOMPLETE_URI_FOR_READ = GenericClient.class.getName() + ".incompleteUriForRead";
        private static final String I18N_NO_VERSION_ID_FOR_VREAD = GenericClient.class.getName() + ".noVersionIdForVread";
        private static final org.slf4j.Logger ourLog = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(GenericClient.class);
        private final FhirContext myContext;
        private IHttpRequest myLastRequest;
        private boolean myLogRequestAndResponse;

        /**
         * For now, this is a part of the internal API of HAPI - Use with caution as this method may change!
         */
        public GenericClient(
                        FhirContext theContext, IHttpClient theHttpClient, String theServerBase, RestfulClientFactory theFactory) {
                super(theHttpClient, theServerBase, theFactory);
                myContext = theContext;
        }

        @Override
        public IFetchConformanceUntyped capabilities() {
                return new FetchConformanceInternal();
        }

        @Override
        public ICreate create() {
                return new CreateInternal();
        }

        @Override
        public IDelete delete() {
                return new DeleteInternal();
        }

        private <T extends IBaseResource> T doReadOrVRead(
                        final Class<T> theType,
                        IIdType theId,
                        boolean theVRead,
                        ICallable<T> theNotModifiedHandler,
                        String theIfVersionMatches,
                        Boolean thePrettyPrint,
                        SummaryEnum theSummary,
                        EncodingEnum theEncoding,
                        Set<String> theSubsetElements,
                        String theCustomAcceptHeaderValue,
                        Map<String, List<String>> theCustomHeaders) {
                String resName = toResourceName(theType);
                IIdType id = theId;
                if (!id.hasBaseUrl()) {
                        id = new IdDt(resName, id.getIdPart(), id.getVersionIdPart());
                }

                HttpGetClientInvocation invocation;
                if (id.hasBaseUrl()) {
                        if (theVRead) {
                                invocation = ReadMethodBinding.createAbsoluteVReadInvocation(getFhirContext(), id);
                        } else {
                                invocation = ReadMethodBinding.createAbsoluteReadInvocation(getFhirContext(), id);
                        }
                } else {
                        if (theVRead) {
                                invocation = ReadMethodBinding.createVReadInvocation(getFhirContext(), id, resName);
                        } else {
                                invocation = ReadMethodBinding.createReadInvocation(getFhirContext(), id, resName);
                        }
                }
                if (isKeepResponses()) {
                        myLastRequest = invocation.asHttpRequest(
                                        getServerBase(), createExtraParams(theCustomAcceptHeaderValue), getEncoding(), isPrettyPrint());
                }

                if (theIfVersionMatches != null) {
                        invocation.addHeader(Constants.HEADER_IF_NONE_MATCH, '"' + theIfVersionMatches + '"');
                }

                boolean allowHtmlResponse = SummaryEnum.TEXT.equals(theSummary);
                ResourceResponseHandler<T> binding =
                                new ResourceResponseHandler<>(theType, (Class<? extends IBaseResource>) null, id, allowHtmlResponse);

                if (theNotModifiedHandler == null) {
                        return invokeClient(
                                        myContext,
                                        binding,
                                        invocation,
                                        theEncoding,
                                        thePrettyPrint,
                                        myLogRequestAndResponse,
                                        theSummary,
                                        theSubsetElements,
                                        null,
                                        theCustomAcceptHeaderValue,
                                        theCustomHeaders);
                }
                try {
                        return invokeClient(
                                        myContext,
                                        binding,
                                        invocation,
                                        theEncoding,
                                        thePrettyPrint,
                                        myLogRequestAndResponse,
                                        theSummary,
                                        theSubsetElements,
                                        null,
                                        theCustomAcceptHeaderValue,
                                        theCustomHeaders);
                } catch (NotModifiedException e) {
                        return theNotModifiedHandler.call();
                }
        }

        @Override
        public IFetchConformanceUntyped fetchConformance() {
                return new FetchConformanceInternal();
        }

        @Override
        public void forceConformanceCheck() {
                super.forceConformanceCheck();
        }

        @Override
        public FhirContext getFhirContext() {
                return myContext;
        }

        public IHttpRequest getLastRequest() {
                return myLastRequest;
        }

        /**
         * For now, this is a part of the internal API of HAPI - Use with caution as this method may change!
         */
        public void setLastRequest(IHttpRequest theLastRequest) {
                myLastRequest = theLastRequest;
        }

        protected String getPreferredId(IBaseResource theResource, String theId) {
                if (isNotBlank(theId)) {
                        return theId;
                }
                return theResource.getIdElement().getIdPart();
        }

        @Override
        public IHistory history() {
                return new HistoryInternal();
        }

        /**
         * @deprecated Use {@link LoggingInterceptor} as a client interceptor registered to your
         * client instead, as this provides much more fine-grained control over what is logged. This
         * method will be removed at some point (deprecated in HAPI 1.6 - 2016-06-16)
         */
        @Deprecated
        public boolean isLogRequestAndResponse() {
                return myLogRequestAndResponse;
        }

        @Deprecated // override deprecated method
        @Override
        public void setLogRequestAndResponse(boolean theLogRequestAndResponse) {
                myLogRequestAndResponse = theLogRequestAndResponse;
        }

        @Override
        public IGetPage loadPage() {
                return new LoadPageInternal();
        }

        @Override
        public IMeta meta() {
                return new MetaInternal();
        }

        @Override
        public IOperation operation() {
                return new OperationInternal();
        }

        @Override
        public IPatch patch() {
                return new PatchInternal();
        }

        @Override
        public IRead read() {
                return new ReadInternal();
        }

        @Override
        public IRawHttp rawHttpRequest() {
                return new RawHttpBuilder();
        }

        @Override
        public <T extends IBaseResource> T read(Class<T> theType, String theId) {
                return read(theType, new IdDt(theId));
        }

        @Override
        public <T extends IBaseResource> T read(final Class<T> theType, UriDt theUrl) {
                IdDt id = theUrl instanceof IdDt ? ((IdDt) theUrl) : new IdDt(theUrl);
                return doReadOrVRead(theType, id, false, null, null, false, null, null, null, null, null);
        }

        @Override
        public IBaseResource read(UriDt theUrl) {
                IdDt id = new IdDt(theUrl);
                String resourceType = id.getResourceType();
                if (isBlank(resourceType)) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1365)
                                        + myContext.getLocalizer().getMessage(I18N_INCOMPLETE_URI_FOR_READ, theUrl.getValueAsString()));
                }
                RuntimeResourceDefinition def = myContext.getResourceDefinition(resourceType);
                if (def == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1366)
                                        + myContext
                                                        .getLocalizer()
                                                        .getMessage(I18N_CANNOT_DETEMINE_RESOURCE_TYPE, theUrl.getValueAsString()));
                }
                return read(def.getImplementingClass(), id);
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
        @Override
        public IUntypedQuery search() {
                return new SearchInternal();
        }

        private String toResourceName(Class<? extends IBaseResource> theType) {
                return myContext.getResourceType(theType);
        }

        @Override
        public ITransaction transaction() {
                return new TransactionInternal();
        }

        @Override
        public IUpdate update() {
                return new UpdateInternal();
        }

        @Override
        public MethodOutcome update(IdDt theIdDt, IBaseResource theResource) {
                BaseHttpClientInvocation invocation = MethodUtil.createUpdateInvocation(theResource, null, theIdDt, myContext);
                if (isKeepResponses()) {
                        myLastRequest =
                                        invocation.asHttpRequest(getServerBase(), createExtraParams(null), getEncoding(), isPrettyPrint());
                }

                OutcomeResponseHandler binding = new OutcomeResponseHandler();
                return invokeClient(myContext, binding, invocation, myLogRequestAndResponse);
        }

        @Override
        public MethodOutcome update(String theId, IBaseResource theResource) {
                return update(new IdDt(theId), theResource);
        }

        @Override
        public IValidate validate() {
                return new ValidateInternal();
        }

        @Override
        public MethodOutcome validate(IBaseResource theResource) {
                BaseHttpClientInvocation invocation;
                invocation = ValidateMethodBindingDstu2Plus.createValidateInvocation(myContext, theResource);

                if (isKeepResponses()) {
                        myLastRequest =
                                        invocation.asHttpRequest(getServerBase(), createExtraParams(null), getEncoding(), isPrettyPrint());
                }

                OutcomeResponseHandler binding = new OutcomeResponseHandler();
                return invokeClient(myContext, binding, invocation, myLogRequestAndResponse);
        }

        @Override
        public <T extends IBaseResource> T vread(final Class<T> theType, IdDt theId) {
                if (!theId.hasVersionIdPart()) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1367)
                                        + myContext.getLocalizer().getMessage(I18N_NO_VERSION_ID_FOR_VREAD, theId.getValue()));
                }
                return doReadOrVRead(theType, theId, true, null, null, false, null, null, null, null, null);
        }

        @Override
        public <T extends IBaseResource> T vread(Class<T> theType, String theId, String theVersionId) {
                IdDt resId = new IdDt(toResourceName(theType), theId, theVersionId);
                return vread(theType, resId);
        }

        private enum MetaOperation {
                ADD,
                DELETE,
                GET
        }

        private class RawHttpBuilder implements IRawHttp {

                @Override
                public IClientHttpExecutable<IClientHttpExecutable<?, IEntityResult>, IEntityResult> get(String theUrl) {
                        return new RawGetEntityResultInternal(theUrl);
                }
        }

        class RawGetEntityResultInternal<T extends IClientHttpExecutable<?, EntityResult>>
                        extends BaseClientHttpExecutable<T, EntityResult> {
                final String myUrl;

                public RawGetEntityResultInternal(String theUrl) {
                        myUrl = theUrl;
                }

                @Override
                public EntityResult execute() {
                        IClientResponseHandler<EntityResult> binding = new EntityResultResponseHandler();
                        HttpGetClientInvocation invocation = new HttpGetClientInvocation(myContext, myUrl);
                        return invokeClient(
                                        myContext,
                                        binding,
                                        invocation,
                                        null,
                                        null,
                                        false,
                                        null,
                                        null,
                                        null,
                                        myCustomAcceptHeaderValue,
                                        myCustomHeaderValues);
                }
        }

        private abstract class BaseClientHttpExecutable<T extends IClientHttpExecutable<?, Y>, Y>
                        implements IClientHttpExecutable<T, Y> {
                CacheControlDirective myCacheControlDirective;
                Map<String, List<String>> myCustomHeaderValues = new HashMap<>();
                String myCustomAcceptHeaderValue;

                public String getCustomAcceptHeaderValue() {
                        return myCustomAcceptHeaderValue;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                public T accept(String theHeaderValue) {
                        myCustomAcceptHeaderValue = theHeaderValue;
                        return (T) this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T cacheControl(CacheControlDirective theCacheControlDirective) {
                        myCacheControlDirective = theCacheControlDirective;
                        return (T) this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T withAdditionalHeader(String theHeaderName, String theHeaderValue) {
                        Objects.requireNonNull(theHeaderName, "headerName cannot be null");
                        Objects.requireNonNull(theHeaderValue, "headerValue cannot be null");
                        if (!myCustomHeaderValues.containsKey(theHeaderName)) {
                                myCustomHeaderValues.put(theHeaderName, new ArrayList<>());
                        }
                        myCustomHeaderValues.get(theHeaderName).add(theHeaderValue);
                        return (T) this;
                }
        }

        private abstract class BaseClientExecutable<T extends IClientExecutable<?, Y>, Y>
                        implements IClientExecutable<T, Y> {

                EncodingEnum myParamEncoding;
                Boolean myPrettyPrint;
                SummaryEnum mySummaryMode;
                CacheControlDirective myCacheControlDirective;
                Map<String, List<String>> myCustomHeaderValues = new HashMap<>();
                private String myCustomAcceptHeaderValue;
                private List<Class<? extends IBaseResource>> myPreferResponseTypes;
                private boolean myQueryLogRequestAndResponse;
                private Set<String> mySubsetElements;

                public String getCustomAcceptHeaderValue() {
                        return myCustomAcceptHeaderValue;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T accept(String theHeaderValue) {
                        myCustomAcceptHeaderValue = theHeaderValue;
                        return (T) this;
                }

                @Deprecated // override deprecated method
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T andLogRequestAndResponse(boolean theLogRequestAndResponse) {
                        myQueryLogRequestAndResponse = theLogRequestAndResponse;
                        return (T) this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T cacheControl(CacheControlDirective theCacheControlDirective) {
                        myCacheControlDirective = theCacheControlDirective;
                        return (T) this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T elementsSubset(String... theElements) {
                        if (theElements != null && theElements.length > 0) {
                                mySubsetElements = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(theElements));
                        } else {
                                mySubsetElements = null;
                        }
                        return (T) this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T encoded(EncodingEnum theEncoding) {
                        Validate.notNull(theEncoding, "theEncoding must not be null");
                        myParamEncoding = theEncoding;
                        return (T) this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T encodedJson() {
                        myParamEncoding = EncodingEnum.JSON;
                        return (T) this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T encodedXml() {
                        myParamEncoding = EncodingEnum.XML;
                        return (T) this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T withAdditionalHeader(String theHeaderName, String theHeaderValue) {
                        Objects.requireNonNull(theHeaderName, "headerName cannot be null");
                        Objects.requireNonNull(theHeaderValue, "headerValue cannot be null");
                        if (!myCustomHeaderValues.containsKey(theHeaderName)) {
                                myCustomHeaderValues.put(theHeaderName, new ArrayList<>());
                        }
                        myCustomHeaderValues.get(theHeaderName).add(theHeaderValue);
                        return (T) this;
                }

                protected EncodingEnum getParamEncoding() {
                        return myParamEncoding;
                }

                public List<Class<? extends IBaseResource>> getPreferResponseTypes() {
                        return myPreferResponseTypes;
                }

                public List<Class<? extends IBaseResource>> getPreferResponseTypes(Class<? extends IBaseResource> theDefault) {
                        if (myPreferResponseTypes != null) {
                                return myPreferResponseTypes;
                        }
                        return toTypeList(theDefault);
                }

                protected Set<String> getSubsetElements() {
                        return mySubsetElements;
                }

                protected <Z> Z invoke(
                                Map<String, List<String>> theParams,
                                IClientResponseHandler<Z> theHandler,
                                BaseHttpClientInvocation theInvocation) {
                        if (isKeepResponses()) {
                                myLastRequest = theInvocation.asHttpRequest(getServerBase(), theParams, getEncoding(), myPrettyPrint);
                        }

                        return invokeClient(
                                        myContext,
                                        theHandler,
                                        theInvocation,
                                        myParamEncoding,
                                        myPrettyPrint,
                                        myQueryLogRequestAndResponse || myLogRequestAndResponse,
                                        mySummaryMode,
                                        mySubsetElements,
                                        myCacheControlDirective,
                                        myCustomAcceptHeaderValue,
                                        myCustomHeaderValues);
                }

                protected IBaseResource parseResourceBody(String theResourceBody) {
                        EncodingEnum encoding = EncodingEnum.detectEncodingNoDefault(theResourceBody);
                        if (encoding == null) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1368)
                                                + myContext.getLocalizer().getMessage(GenericClient.class, "cantDetermineRequestType"));
                        }
                        return encoding.newParser(myContext).parseResource(theResourceBody);
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T preferResponseType(Class<? extends IBaseResource> theClass) {
                        myPreferResponseTypes = null;
                        if (theClass != null) {
                                myPreferResponseTypes = new ArrayList<>();
                                myPreferResponseTypes.add(theClass);
                        }
                        return (T) this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T preferResponseTypes(List<Class<? extends IBaseResource>> theClass) {
                        myPreferResponseTypes = theClass;
                        return (T) this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T prettyPrint() {
                        myPrettyPrint = true;
                        return (T) this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T summaryMode(SummaryEnum theSummary) {
                        mySummaryMode = theSummary;
                        return ((T) this);
                }
        }

        private abstract class BaseSearch<
                                        EXEC extends IClientExecutable<?, OUTPUT>, QUERY extends IBaseQuery<QUERY>, OUTPUT>
                        extends BaseClientExecutable<EXEC, OUTPUT> implements IBaseQuery<QUERY> {

                private final Map<String, List<String>> myParams = new LinkedHashMap<>();

                @Override
                public QUERY and(ICriterion<?> theCriterion) {
                        return where(theCriterion);
                }

                public Map<String, List<String>> getParamMap() {
                        return myParams;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public QUERY where(ICriterion<?> theCriterion) {
                        ICriterionInternal criterion = (ICriterionInternal) theCriterion;

                        String parameterName = criterion.getParameterName();
                        String parameterValue = criterion.getParameterValue(myContext);
                        if (isNotBlank(parameterValue)) {
                                addParam(myParams, parameterName, parameterValue);
                        }

                        return (QUERY) this;
                }

                @Override
                public QUERY whereMap(Map<String, List<String>> theRawMap) {
                        if (theRawMap != null) {
                                for (String nextKey : theRawMap.keySet()) {
                                        for (String nextValue : theRawMap.get(nextKey)) {
                                                addParam(myParams, nextKey, nextValue);
                                        }
                                }
                        }

                        return (QUERY) this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public QUERY where(Map<String, List<IQueryParameterType>> theCriterion) {
                        Validate.notNull(theCriterion, "theCriterion must not be null");
                        for (Entry<String, List<IQueryParameterType>> nextEntry : theCriterion.entrySet()) {
                                String nextKey = nextEntry.getKey();
                                List<IQueryParameterType> nextValues = nextEntry.getValue();
                                for (IQueryParameterType nextValue : nextValues) {
                                        String value = nextValue.getValueAsQueryToken(myContext);
                                        String qualifier = nextValue.getQueryParameterQualifier();
                                        if (isNotBlank(qualifier)) {
                                                nextKey = nextKey + qualifier;
                                        }
                                        addParam(myParams, nextKey, value);
                                }
                        }
                        return (QUERY) this;
                }
        }

        private class CreateInternal extends BaseSearch<ICreateTyped, ICreateWithQueryTyped, MethodOutcome>
                        implements ICreate, ICreateTyped, ICreateWithQuery, ICreateWithQueryTyped {

                private boolean myConditional;
                private PreferReturnEnum myPrefer;
                private IBaseResource myResource;
                private String myResourceBody;
                private String mySearchUrl;

                @Override
                public ICreateWithQuery conditional() {
                        myConditional = true;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public ICreateTyped conditionalByUrl(String theSearchUrl) {
                        mySearchUrl = validateAndEscapeConditionalUrl(theSearchUrl);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public MethodOutcome execute() {
                        if (myResource == null) {
                                myResource = parseResourceBody(myResourceBody);
                        }

                        // If an explicit encoding is chosen, we will re-serialize to ensure the right encoding
                        if (getParamEncoding() != null) {
                                myResourceBody = null;
                        }

                        BaseHttpClientInvocation invocation;
                        if (mySearchUrl != null) {
                                invocation = MethodUtil.createCreateInvocation(myResource, myResourceBody, myContext, mySearchUrl);
                        } else if (myConditional) {
                                invocation = MethodUtil.createCreateInvocation(myResource, myResourceBody, myContext, getParamMap());
                        } else {
                                invocation = MethodUtil.createCreateInvocation(myResource, myResourceBody, myContext);
                        }

                        addPreferHeader(myPrefer, invocation);

                        OutcomeResponseHandler binding = new OutcomeResponseHandler(myPrefer);

                        Map<String, List<String>> params = new HashMap<>();
                        return invoke(params, binding, invocation);
                }

                @Override
                public ICreateTyped prefer(PreferReturnEnum theReturn) {
                        myPrefer = theReturn;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public ICreateTyped resource(IBaseResource theResource) {
                        Validate.notNull(theResource, "Resource can not be null");
                        myResource = theResource;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public ICreateTyped resource(String theResourceBody) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theResourceBody, "Body can not be null or blank");
                        myResourceBody = theResourceBody;
                        return this;
                }
        }

        private class DeleteInternal extends BaseSearch<IDeleteTyped, IDeleteWithQueryTyped, MethodOutcome>
                        implements IDelete, IDeleteTyped, IDeleteWithQuery, IDeleteWithQueryTyped {

                private boolean myConditional;
                private IIdType myId;
                private String myResourceType;
                private String mySearchUrl;
                private DeleteCascadeModeEnum myCascadeMode;

                @Override
                public MethodOutcome execute() {

                        Map<String, List<String>> additionalParams = new HashMap<>();
                        if (myCascadeMode != null) {
                                switch (myCascadeMode) {
                                        case DELETE:
                                                addParam(getParamMap(), Constants.PARAMETER_CASCADE_DELETE, Constants.CASCADE_DELETE);
                                                break;
                                        default:
                                        case NONE:
                                                break;
                                }
                        }

                        HttpDeleteClientInvocation invocation;
                        if (myId != null) {
                                invocation = DeleteMethodBinding.createDeleteInvocation(getFhirContext(), myId, getParamMap());
                        } else if (myConditional) {
                                invocation =
                                                DeleteMethodBinding.createDeleteInvocation(getFhirContext(), myResourceType, getParamMap());
                        } else {
                                invocation = DeleteMethodBinding.createDeleteInvocation(getFhirContext(), mySearchUrl, getParamMap());
                        }

                        OutcomeResponseHandler binding = new OutcomeResponseHandler();

                        return invoke(additionalParams, binding, invocation);
                }

                @Override
                public IDeleteTyped resource(IBaseResource theResource) {
                        Validate.notNull(theResource, "theResource can not be null");
                        IIdType id = theResource.getIdElement();
                        Validate.notNull(id, "theResource.getIdElement() can not be null");
                        if (!id.hasResourceType() || !id.hasIdPart()) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1369)
                                                + "theResource.getId() must contain a resource type and logical ID at a minimum (e.g. Patient/1234), found: "
                                                + id.getValue());
                        }
                        myId = id;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IDeleteTyped resourceById(IIdType theId) {
                        Validate.notNull(theId, "theId can not be null");
                        if (!theId.hasResourceType() || !theId.hasIdPart()) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1370)
                                                + "theId must contain a resource type and logical ID at a minimum (e.g. Patient/1234)found: "
                                                + theId.getValue());
                        }
                        myId = theId;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IDeleteTyped resourceById(String theResourceType, String theLogicalId) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theResourceType, "theResourceType can not be blank/null");
                        if (myContext.getResourceDefinition(theResourceType) == null) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1371) + "Unknown resource type");
                        }
                        Validate.notBlank(theLogicalId, "theLogicalId can not be blank/null");
                        if (theLogicalId.contains("/")) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1372)
                                                + "LogicalId can not contain '/' (should only be the logical ID portion, not a qualified ID)");
                        }
                        myId = new IdDt(theResourceType, theLogicalId);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IDeleteWithQuery resourceConditionalByType(Class<? extends IBaseResource> theResourceType) {
                        Validate.notNull(theResourceType, "theResourceType can not be null");
                        myConditional = true;
                        myResourceType = myContext.getResourceType(theResourceType);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IDeleteWithQuery resourceConditionalByType(String theResourceType) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theResourceType, "theResourceType can not be blank/null");
                        if (myContext.getResourceDefinition(theResourceType) == null) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1373) + "Unknown resource type: " + theResourceType);
                        }
                        myResourceType = theResourceType;
                        myConditional = true;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IDeleteTyped resourceConditionalByUrl(String theSearchUrl) {
                        mySearchUrl = validateAndEscapeConditionalUrl(theSearchUrl);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IDeleteTyped cascade(DeleteCascadeModeEnum theDelete) {
                        myCascadeMode = theDelete;
                        return this;
                }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
        private class FetchConformanceInternal extends BaseClientExecutable
                        implements IFetchConformanceUntyped, IFetchConformanceTyped {
                private RuntimeResourceDefinition myType;

                @Override
                public Object execute() {
                        ResourceResponseHandler binding = new ResourceResponseHandler(myType.getImplementingClass());
                        FhirContext fhirContext = getFhirContext();
                        HttpGetClientInvocation invocation = MethodUtil.createConformanceInvocation(fhirContext);
                        return super.invoke(null, binding, invocation);
                }

                @Override
                public <T extends IBaseConformance> IFetchConformanceTyped<T> ofType(Class<T> theResourceType) {
                        Validate.notNull(theResourceType, "theResourceType must not be null");
                        myType = myContext.getResourceDefinition(theResourceType);
                        if (myType == null) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1374)
                                                + myContext.getLocalizer().getMessage(I18N_CANNOT_DETEMINE_RESOURCE_TYPE, theResourceType));
                        }
                        return this;
                }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
        private class GetPageInternal extends BaseClientExecutable<IGetPageTyped<Object>, Object>
                        implements IGetPageTyped<Object> {

                private final Class<? extends IBaseBundle> myBundleType;
                private final String myUrl;

                private PagingHttpMethodEnum myPagingHttpMethod = PagingHttpMethodEnum.GET;

                public GetPageInternal(String theUrl, Class<? extends IBaseBundle> theBundleType) {
                        myUrl = theUrl;
                        myBundleType = theBundleType;
                }

                @Override
                public Object execute() {
                        IClientResponseHandler binding = new ResourceResponseHandler(myBundleType, getPreferResponseTypes());
                        HttpSimpleClientInvocation invocationGet =
                                        new HttpSimpleClientInvocation(myContext, myUrl, myPagingHttpMethod);
                        return invoke(null, binding, invocationGet);
                }

                @Override
                public IGetPageTyped<Object> usingMethod(PagingHttpMethodEnum thePagingHttpMethod) {
                        myPagingHttpMethod = thePagingHttpMethod;
                        return this;
                }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
        private class HistoryInternal extends BaseClientExecutable implements IHistory, IHistoryUntyped, IHistoryTyped {

                private Integer myCount;
                private IIdType myId;
                private Class<? extends IBaseBundle> myReturnType;
                private IPrimitiveType mySince;
                private Class<? extends IBaseResource> myType;
                private DateRangeParam myAt;
                private Integer myOffset;

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public IHistoryTyped andReturnBundle(Class theType) {
                        return returnBundle(theType);
                }

                @Override
                public IHistoryTyped returnBundle(Class theType) {
                        Validate.notNull(theType, "theType must not be null on method andReturnBundle(Class)");
                        myReturnType = theType;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IHistoryTyped at(DateRangeParam theDateRangeParam) {
                        myAt = theDateRangeParam;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IHistoryTyped count(Integer theCount) {
                        myCount = theCount;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IHistoryTyped offset(Integer theOffset) {
                        myOffset = theOffset;
                        return this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public Object execute() {
                        String resourceName;
                        String id;
                        if (myType != null) {
                                resourceName = myContext.getResourceType(myType);
                                id = null;
                        } else if (myId != null) {
                                resourceName = myId.getResourceType();
                                id = myId.getIdPart();
                        } else {
                                resourceName = null;
                                id = null;
                        }

                        HttpGetClientInvocation invocation = HistoryMethodBinding.createHistoryInvocation(
                                        myContext, resourceName, id, mySince, myCount, myAt, myOffset);

                        IClientResponseHandler handler;
                        handler = new ResourceResponseHandler(myReturnType, getPreferResponseTypes(myType));

                        return invoke(null, handler, invocation);
                }

                @Override
                public IHistoryUntyped onInstance(IIdType theId) {
                        if (!theId.hasResourceType()) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                                Msg.code(1375) + "Resource ID does not have a resource type: " + theId.getValue());
                        }
                        myId = theId;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IHistoryUntyped onInstance(String theId) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theId, "theId must not be null or blank");
                        IIdType id = myContext.getVersion().newIdType();
                        id.setValue(theId);
                        return onInstance(id);
                }

                @Override
                public IHistoryUntyped onServer() {
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IHistoryUntyped onType(Class<? extends IBaseResource> theResourceType) {
                        myType = theResourceType;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IHistoryUntyped onType(String theResourceType) {
                        myType = myContext.getResourceDefinition(theResourceType).getImplementingClass();
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IHistoryTyped since(Date theCutoff) {
                        if (theCutoff != null) {
                                mySince = new InstantDt(theCutoff);
                        } else {
                                mySince = null;
                        }
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IHistoryTyped since(IPrimitiveType theCutoff) {
                        mySince = theCutoff;
                        return this;
                }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
        private final class LoadPageInternal implements IGetPage, IGetPageUntyped {

                private static final String PREV = "prev";
                private static final String PREVIOUS = "previous";
                private String myPageUrl;

                @Override
                public <T extends IBaseBundle> IGetPageTyped andReturnBundle(Class<T> theBundleType) {
                        Validate.notNull(theBundleType, "theBundleType must not be null");
                        return new GetPageInternal(myPageUrl, theBundleType);
                }

                @Override
                public IGetPageUntyped byUrl(String thePageUrl) {
                        if (isBlank(thePageUrl)) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1376) + "thePagingUrl must not be blank or null");
                        }
                        myPageUrl = thePageUrl;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public <T extends IBaseBundle> IGetPageTyped<T> next(T theBundle) {
                        return nextOrPrevious("next", theBundle);
                }

                private <T extends IBaseBundle> IGetPageTyped<T> nextOrPrevious(String theWantRel, T theBundle) {
                        RuntimeResourceDefinition def = myContext.getResourceDefinition(theBundle);
                        List<IBase> links = def.getChildByName("link").getAccessor().getValues(theBundle);
                        if (links == null || links.isEmpty()) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1377)
                                                + myContext
                                                                .getLocalizer()
                                                                .getMessage(GenericClient.class, "noPagingLinkFoundInBundle", theWantRel));
                        }
                        for (IBase nextLink : links) {
                                BaseRuntimeElementCompositeDefinition linkDef =
                                                (BaseRuntimeElementCompositeDefinition) myContext.getElementDefinition(nextLink.getClass());
                                List<IBase> rel =
                                                linkDef.getChildByName("relation").getAccessor().getValues(nextLink);
                                if (rel == null || rel.isEmpty()) {
                                        continue;
                                }
                                String relation = ((IPrimitiveType<?>) rel.get(0)).getValueAsString();
                                if (theWantRel.equals(relation) || (PREVIOUS.equals(theWantRel) && PREV.equals(relation))) {
                                        List<IBase> urls =
                                                        linkDef.getChildByName("url").getAccessor().getValues(nextLink);
                                        if (urls == null || urls.isEmpty()) {
                                                continue;
                                        }
                                        String url = ((IPrimitiveType<?>) urls.get(0)).getValueAsString();
                                        if (isBlank(url)) {
                                                continue;
                                        }
                                        return (IGetPageTyped<T>) byUrl(url).andReturnBundle(theBundle.getClass());
                                }
                        }
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1378)
                                        + myContext
                                                        .getLocalizer()
                                                        .getMessage(GenericClient.class, "noPagingLinkFoundInBundle", theWantRel));
                }

                @Override
                public <T extends IBaseBundle> IGetPageTyped<T> previous(T theBundle) {
                        return nextOrPrevious(PREVIOUS, theBundle);
                }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
        private class MetaInternal extends BaseClientExecutable
                        implements IMeta, IMetaAddOrDeleteUnsourced, IMetaGetUnsourced, IMetaAddOrDeleteSourced {

                private IIdType myId;
                private IBaseMetaType myMeta;
                private Class<? extends IBaseMetaType> myMetaType;
                private String myOnType;
                private MetaOperation myOperation;

                @Override
                public IMetaAddOrDeleteUnsourced add() {
                        myOperation = MetaOperation.ADD;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IMetaAddOrDeleteUnsourced delete() {
                        myOperation = MetaOperation.DELETE;
                        return this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public Object execute() {

                        BaseHttpClientInvocation invocation = null;

                        IBaseParameters parameters = ParametersUtil.newInstance(myContext);
                        switch (myOperation) {
                                case ADD:
                                        ParametersUtil.addParameterToParameters(myContext, parameters, "meta", myMeta);
                                        invocation = OperationMethodBinding.createOperationInvocation(
                                                        myContext, myId.getResourceType(), myId.getIdPart(), null, "$meta-add", parameters, false);
                                        break;
                                case DELETE:
                                        ParametersUtil.addParameterToParameters(myContext, parameters, "meta", myMeta);
                                        invocation = OperationMethodBinding.createOperationInvocation(
                                                        myContext,
                                                        myId.getResourceType(),
                                                        myId.getIdPart(),
                                                        null,
                                                        "$meta-delete",
                                                        parameters,
                                                        false);
                                        break;
                                case GET:
                                        if (myId != null) {
                                                invocation = OperationMethodBinding.createOperationInvocation(
                                                                myContext, myOnType, myId.getIdPart(), null, "$meta", parameters, true);
                                        } else if (myOnType != null) {
                                                invocation = OperationMethodBinding.createOperationInvocation(
                                                                myContext, myOnType, null, null, "$meta", parameters, true);
                                        } else {
                                                invocation = OperationMethodBinding.createOperationInvocation(
                                                                myContext, null, null, null, "$meta", parameters, true);
                                        }
                                        break;
                        }

                        // Should not happen
                        if (invocation == null) {
                                throw new IllegalStateException(Msg.code(1379));
                        }

                        IClientResponseHandler handler;
                        handler = new MetaParametersResponseHandler(myMetaType);
                        return invoke(null, handler, invocation);
                }

                @Override
                public IClientExecutable fromResource(IIdType theId) {
                        setIdInternal(theId);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IClientExecutable fromServer() {
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IClientExecutable fromType(String theResourceName) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theResourceName, "theResourceName must not be blank");
                        myOnType = theResourceName;
                        return this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public <T extends IBaseMetaType> IMetaGetUnsourced<T> get(Class<T> theType) {
                        myMetaType = theType;
                        myOperation = MetaOperation.GET;
                        return this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public <T extends IBaseMetaType> IClientExecutable<IClientExecutable<?, T>, T> meta(T theMeta) {
                        Validate.notNull(theMeta, "theMeta must not be null");
                        myMeta = theMeta;
                        myMetaType = myMeta.getClass();
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IMetaAddOrDeleteSourced onResource(IIdType theId) {
                        setIdInternal(theId);
                        return this;
                }

                private void setIdInternal(IIdType theId) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theId.getResourceType(), "theId must contain a resource type");
                        Validate.notBlank(theId.getIdPart(), "theId must contain an ID part");
                        myOnType = theId.getResourceType();
                        myId = theId;
                }
        }

        private final class MetaParametersResponseHandler<T extends IBaseMetaType> implements IClientResponseHandler<T> {

                private final Class<T> myType;

                public MetaParametersResponseHandler(Class<T> theMetaType) {
                        myType = theMetaType;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public T invokeClient(
                                String theResponseMimeType,
                                InputStream theResponseInputStream,
                                int theResponseStatusCode,
                                Map<String, List<String>> theHeaders)
                                throws BaseServerResponseException {
                        EncodingEnum respType = EncodingEnum.forContentType(theResponseMimeType);
                        if (respType == null) {
                                throw NonFhirResponseException.newInstance(
                                                theResponseStatusCode, theResponseMimeType, theResponseInputStream);
                        }
                        IParser parser = respType.newParser(myContext);
                        RuntimeResourceDefinition type = myContext.getResourceDefinition("Parameters");
                        IBaseResource retVal = parser.parseResource(type.getImplementingClass(), theResponseInputStream);

                        BaseRuntimeChildDefinition paramChild = type.getChildByName("parameter");
                        BaseRuntimeElementCompositeDefinition<?> paramChildElem =
                                        (BaseRuntimeElementCompositeDefinition<?>) paramChild.getChildByName("parameter");
                        List<IBase> parameter = paramChild.getAccessor().getValues(retVal);
                        if (parameter == null || parameter.isEmpty()) {
                                return (T) myContext.getElementDefinition(myType).newInstance();
                        }
                        IBase param = parameter.get(0);

                        List<IBase> meta =
                                        paramChildElem.getChildByName("value[x]").getAccessor().getValues(param);
                        if (meta.isEmpty()) {
                                return (T) myContext.getElementDefinition(myType).newInstance();
                        }
                        return (T) meta.get(0);
                }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
        private class OperationInternal extends BaseClientExecutable
                        implements IOperation,
                                        IOperationUnnamed,
                                        IOperationUntyped,
                                        IOperationUntypedWithInput,
                                        IOperationUntypedWithInputAndPartialOutput,
                                        IOperationProcessMsg,
                                        IOperationProcessMsgMode {

                private IIdType myId;
                private Boolean myIsAsync;
                private IBaseBundle myMsgBundle;
                private String myOperationName;
                private IBaseParameters myParameters;
                private RuntimeResourceDefinition myParametersDef;
                private String myResponseUrl;
                private Class myReturnResourceType;
                private Class<? extends IBaseResource> myType;
                private boolean myUseHttpGet;
                private boolean myReturnMethodOutcome;
                private boolean myReturnStringOutcome;

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                private void addParam(String theName, IBase theValue) {
                        BaseRuntimeChildDefinition parameterChild = myParametersDef.getChildByName("parameter");
                        BaseRuntimeElementCompositeDefinition<?> parameterElem =
                                        (BaseRuntimeElementCompositeDefinition<?>) parameterChild.getChildByName("parameter");

                        IBase parameter = parameterElem.newInstance();
                        parameterChild.getMutator().addValue(myParameters, parameter);

                        IPrimitiveType<String> name = (IPrimitiveType<String>)
                                        myContext.getElementDefinition("string").newInstance();
                        name.setValue(theName);
                        parameterElem.getChildByName("name").getMutator().setValue(parameter, name);

                        if (theValue instanceof IBaseDatatype) {
                                BaseRuntimeElementDefinition<?> datatypeDef = myContext.getElementDefinition(theValue.getClass());
                                if (datatypeDef instanceof IRuntimeDatatypeDefinition) {
                                        Class<? extends IBaseDatatype> profileOf =
                                                        ((IRuntimeDatatypeDefinition) datatypeDef).getProfileOf();
                                        if (profileOf != null) {
                                                datatypeDef = myContext.getElementDefinition(profileOf);
                                        }
                                }
                                String childElementName = "value" + StringUtils.capitalize(datatypeDef.getName());
                                BaseRuntimeChildDefinition childByName = parameterElem.getChildByName(childElementName);
                                childByName.getMutator().setValue(parameter, theValue);
                        } else if (theValue instanceof IBaseResource) {
                                parameterElem.getChildByName("resource").getMutator().setValue(parameter, theValue);
                        } else {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                                Msg.code(1380) + "Don't know how to handle parameter of type " + theValue.getClass());
                        }
                }

                private void addParam(String theName, IQueryParameterType theValue) {
                        IPrimitiveType<?> stringType =
                                        ParametersUtil.createString(myContext, theValue.getValueAsQueryToken(myContext));
                        addParam(theName, stringType);
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationUntypedWithInputAndPartialOutput andParameter(String theName, IBase theValue) {
                        Validate.notEmpty(theName, "theName must not be null");
                        Validate.notNull(theValue, "theValue must not be null");
                        addParam(theName, theValue);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationUntypedWithInputAndPartialOutput andSearchParameter(
                                String theName, IQueryParameterType theValue) {
                        addParam(theName, theValue);

                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationProcessMsgMode asynchronous(Class theResponseClass) {
                        myIsAsync = true;
                        Validate.notNull(theResponseClass, "theReturnType must not be null");
                        Validate.isTrue(
                                        IBaseResource.class.isAssignableFrom(theResponseClass),
                                        "theReturnType must be a class which extends from IBaseResource");
                        myReturnResourceType = theResponseClass;
                        return this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public Object execute() {
                        if (myOperationName != null
                                        && myOperationName.equals(Constants.EXTOP_PROCESS_MESSAGE)
                                        && myMsgBundle != null) {
                                Map<String, List<String>> urlParams = new LinkedHashMap<>();
                                // Set Url parameter Async and Response-Url
                                if (myIsAsync != null) {
                                        urlParams.put(Constants.PARAM_ASYNC, Collections.singletonList(String.valueOf(myIsAsync)));
                                }

                                if (isNotBlank(myResponseUrl)) {
                                        urlParams.put(
                                                        Constants.PARAM_RESPONSE_URL, Collections.singletonList(String.valueOf(myResponseUrl)));
                                }
                                // If is $process-message operation
                                BaseHttpClientInvocation invocation = OperationMethodBinding.createProcessMsgInvocation(
                                                myContext, myOperationName, myMsgBundle, urlParams);

                                ResourceResponseHandler handler = new ResourceResponseHandler();
                                handler.setPreferResponseTypes(getPreferResponseTypes(myType));

                                return invoke(null, handler, invocation);
                        }

                        String resourceName;
                        String id;
                        String version;
                        if (myType != null) {
                                resourceName = myContext.getResourceType(myType);
                                id = null;
                                version = null;
                        } else if (myId != null) {
                                resourceName = myId.getResourceType();
                                Validate.notBlank(
                                                defaultString(resourceName),
                                                "Can not invoke operation \"$%s\" on instance \"%s\" - No resource type specified",
                                                myOperationName,
                                                myId.getValue());
                                id = myId.getIdPart();
                                version = myId.getVersionIdPart();
                        } else {
                                resourceName = null;
                                id = null;
                                version = null;
                        }

                        BaseHttpClientInvocation invocation = OperationMethodBinding.createOperationInvocation(
                                        myContext, resourceName, id, version, myOperationName, myParameters, myUseHttpGet);

                        if (myReturnStringOutcome) {
                                return handleForStringOutcome(invocation);
                        }

                        if (myReturnResourceType != null) {
                                ResourceResponseHandler handler;
                                if (IBaseBinary.class.isAssignableFrom(myReturnResourceType)) {
                                        handler = new ResourceOrBinaryResponseHandler();
                                } else {
                                        handler = new ResourceResponseHandler(myReturnResourceType);
                                }
                                return invoke(null, handler, invocation);
                        }
                        IClientResponseHandler handler =
                                        new ResourceOrBinaryResponseHandler().setPreferResponseTypes(getPreferResponseTypes(myType));

                        if (myReturnMethodOutcome) {
                                handler = new MethodOutcomeResponseHandler(handler);
                        }
                        Object retVal = invoke(null, handler, invocation);
                        if (myReturnMethodOutcome) {
                                return retVal;
                        }

                        if (myContext
                                        .getResourceDefinition((IBaseResource) retVal)
                                        .getName()
                                        .equals("Parameters")) {
                                return retVal;
                        }
                        RuntimeResourceDefinition def = myContext.getResourceDefinition("Parameters");
                        IBaseResource parameters = def.newInstance();

                        BaseRuntimeChildDefinition paramChild = def.getChildByName("parameter");
                        BaseRuntimeElementCompositeDefinition<?> paramChildElem =
                                        (BaseRuntimeElementCompositeDefinition<?>) paramChild.getChildByName("parameter");
                        IBase parameter = paramChildElem.newInstance();
                        paramChild.getMutator().addValue(parameters, parameter);

                        BaseRuntimeChildDefinition resourceElem = paramChildElem.getChildByName("resource");
                        resourceElem.getMutator().addValue(parameter, (IBase) retVal);

                        return parameters;
                }

                private StringOutcome handleForStringOutcome(BaseHttpClientInvocation theInvocation) {
                        IClientResponseHandler handler = new StringOutcomeResponseHandler();
                        return (StringOutcome) invoke(null, handler, theInvocation);
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationUntyped named(String theName) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theName, "theName can not be null");
                        myOperationName = theName;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationUnnamed onInstance(IIdType theId) {
                        myId = theId.toVersionless();
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationUnnamed onInstance(String theId) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theId, "theId must not be null or blank");
                        IIdType id = myContext.getVersion().newIdType();
                        id.setValue(theId);
                        return onInstance(id);
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationUnnamed onInstanceVersion(IIdType theId) {
                        myId = theId;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationUnnamed onServer() {
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationUnnamed onType(Class<? extends IBaseResource> theResourceType) {
                        myType = theResourceType;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationUnnamed onType(String theResourceType) {
                        myType = myContext.getResourceDefinition(theResourceType).getImplementingClass();
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationProcessMsg processMessage() {
                        myOperationName = Constants.EXTOP_PROCESS_MESSAGE;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationUntypedWithInput returnResourceType(Class theReturnType) {
                        Validate.notNull(theReturnType, "theReturnType must not be null");
                        Validate.isTrue(
                                        IBaseResource.class.isAssignableFrom(theReturnType),
                                        "theReturnType must be a class which extends from IBaseResource");
                        myReturnResourceType = theReturnType;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationUntypedWithInput returnMethodOutcome() {
                        myReturnMethodOutcome = true;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationUntypedWithInput returnStringOutcome() {
                        myReturnStringOutcome = true;
                        return this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public IOperationProcessMsgMode setMessageBundle(IBaseBundle theMsgBundle) {

                        Validate.notNull(theMsgBundle, "theMsgBundle must not be null");
                        /*
                         * Validate.isTrue(theMsgBundle.getType().getValueAsEnum() == BundleTypeEnum.MESSAGE);
                         * Validate.isTrue(theMsgBundle.getEntries().size() > 0);
                         * Validate.notNull(theMsgBundle.getEntries().get(0).getResource(), "Message Bundle first entry must be a MessageHeader resource");
                         * Validate.isTrue(theMsgBundle.getEntries().get(0).getResource().getResourceName().equals("MessageHeader"), "Message Bundle first entry must be a MessageHeader resource");
                         */
                        myMsgBundle = theMsgBundle;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationProcessMsg setResponseUrlParam(String responseUrl) {
                        Validate.notEmpty(responseUrl, "responseUrl must not be null");
                        Validate.matchesPattern(
                                        responseUrl,
                                        "^(https?)://[-a-zA-Z0-9+&@#/%?=~_|!:,.;]*[-a-zA-Z0-9+&@#/%=~_|]",
                                        "responseUrl must be a valid URL");
                        myResponseUrl = responseUrl;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationProcessMsgMode synchronous(Class theResponseClass) {
                        myIsAsync = false;
                        Validate.notNull(theResponseClass, "theReturnType must not be null");
                        Validate.isTrue(
                                        IBaseResource.class.isAssignableFrom(theResponseClass),
                                        "theReturnType must be a class which extends from IBaseResource");
                        myReturnResourceType = theResponseClass;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IOperationUntypedWithInput useHttpGet() {
                        myUseHttpGet = true;
                        return this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public <T extends IBaseParameters> IOperationUntypedWithInputAndPartialOutput<T> withNoParameters(
                                Class<T> theOutputParameterType) {
                        Validate.notNull(theOutputParameterType, "theOutputParameterType may not be null");
                        RuntimeResourceDefinition def = myContext.getResourceDefinition(theOutputParameterType);
                        if (def == null) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                                Msg.code(1381) + "theOutputParameterType must refer to a HAPI FHIR Resource type: "
                                                                + theOutputParameterType.getName());
                        }
                        if (!"Parameters".equals(def.getName())) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1382)
                                                + "theOutputParameterType must refer to a HAPI FHIR Resource type for a resource named "
                                                + "Parameters" + " - " + theOutputParameterType.getName() + " is a resource named: "
                                                + def.getName());
                        }
                        myParameters = (IBaseParameters) def.newInstance();
                        return this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public <T extends IBaseParameters> IOperationUntypedWithInputAndPartialOutput<T> withParameter(
                                Class<T> theParameterType, String theName, IBase theValue) {
                        Validate.notNull(theParameterType, "theParameterType must not be null");
                        Validate.notEmpty(theName, "theName must not be null");
                        Validate.notNull(theValue, "theValue must not be null");

                        myParametersDef = myContext.getResourceDefinition(theParameterType);
                        myParameters = (IBaseParameters) myParametersDef.newInstance();

                        addParam(theName, theValue);

                        return this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
                @Override
                public IOperationUntypedWithInputAndPartialOutput withParameters(IBaseParameters theParameters) {
                        Validate.notNull(theParameters, "theParameters can not be null");
                        myParameters = theParameters;
                        myParametersDef = myContext.getResourceDefinition(theParameters.getClass());
                        return this;
                }

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public <T extends IBaseParameters> IOperationUntypedWithInputAndPartialOutput<T> withSearchParameter(
                                Class<T> theParameterType, String theName, IQueryParameterType theValue) {
                        Validate.notNull(theParameterType, "theParameterType must not be null");
                        Validate.notEmpty(theName, "theName must not be null");
                        Validate.notNull(theValue, "theValue must not be null");

                        myParametersDef = myContext.getResourceDefinition(theParameterType);
                        myParameters = (IBaseParameters) myParametersDef.newInstance();

                        addParam(theName, theValue);

                        return this;
                }
        }

        private static final class MethodOutcomeResponseHandler implements IClientResponseHandler<MethodOutcome> {
                private final IClientResponseHandler<? extends IBaseResource> myWrap;

                private MethodOutcomeResponseHandler(IClientResponseHandler<? extends IBaseResource> theWrap) {
                        myWrap = theWrap;
                }

                @Override
                public MethodOutcome invokeClient(
                                String theResponseMimeType,
                                InputStream theResponseInputStream,
                                int theResponseStatusCode,
                                Map<String, List<String>> theHeaders)
                                throws IOException, BaseServerResponseException {
                        IBaseResource response =
                                        myWrap.invokeClient(theResponseMimeType, theResponseInputStream, theResponseStatusCode, theHeaders);

                        MethodOutcome retVal = new MethodOutcome();
                        if (response instanceof IBaseOperationOutcome) {
                                retVal.setOperationOutcome((IBaseOperationOutcome) response);
                        } else {
                                retVal.setResource(response);
                        }
                        retVal.setCreatedUsingStatusCode(theResponseStatusCode);
                        retVal.setResponseStatusCode(theResponseStatusCode);
                        retVal.setResponseHeaders(theHeaders);
                        return retVal;
                }
        }

        private final class OutcomeResponseHandler implements IClientResponseHandler<MethodOutcome> {
                private PreferReturnEnum myPrefer;

                private OutcomeResponseHandler() {
                        super();
                }

                private OutcomeResponseHandler(PreferReturnEnum thePrefer) {
                        this();
                        myPrefer = thePrefer;
                }

                @Override
                public MethodOutcome invokeClient(
                                String theResponseMimeType,
                                InputStream theResponseInputStream,
                                int theResponseStatusCode,
                                Map<String, List<String>> theHeaders)
                                throws BaseServerResponseException {
                        MethodOutcome response = MethodUtil.process2xxResponse(
                                        myContext, theResponseStatusCode, theResponseMimeType, theResponseInputStream, theHeaders);
                        response.setCreatedUsingStatusCode(theResponseStatusCode);

                        if (myPrefer == PreferReturnEnum.REPRESENTATION) {
                                if (response.getResource() == null) {
                                        if (response.getId() != null
                                                        && isNotBlank(response.getId().getValue())
                                                        && response.getId().hasBaseUrl()) {
                                                ourLog.info(
                                                                "Server did not return resource for Prefer-representation, going to fetch: {}",
                                                                response.getId().getValue());
                                                IBaseResource resource = read().resource(
                                                                                response.getId().getResourceType())
                                                                .withUrl(response.getId())
                                                                .execute();
                                                response.setResource(resource);
                                        }
                                }
                        }

                        response.setResponseHeaders(theHeaders);

                        return response;
                }
        }

        private class PatchInternal extends BaseSearch<IPatchExecutable, IPatchWithQueryTyped, MethodOutcome>
                        implements IPatch, IPatchWithBody, IPatchExecutable, IPatchWithQuery, IPatchWithQueryTyped {

                private boolean myConditional;
                private IIdType myId;
                private String myPatchBody;
                private PatchTypeEnum myPatchType;
                private PreferReturnEnum myPrefer;
                private String myResourceType;
                private String mySearchUrl;
                private boolean myIsHistoryRewrite;

                @Override
                public IPatchWithQuery conditional(Class<? extends IBaseResource> theClass) {
                        Validate.notNull(theClass, "theClass must not be null");
                        String resourceType = myContext.getResourceType(theClass);
                        return conditional(resourceType);
                }

                @Override
                public IPatchWithQuery conditional(String theResourceType) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theResourceType, "theResourceType must not be null");
                        myResourceType = theResourceType;
                        myConditional = true;
                        return this;
                }

                // TODO: This is not longer used.. Deprecate it or just remove it?
                @Override
                public IPatchWithBody conditionalByUrl(String theSearchUrl) {
                        mySearchUrl = validateAndEscapeConditionalUrl(theSearchUrl);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public MethodOutcome execute() {

                        if (myPatchType == null) {
                                throw new InvalidRequestException(Msg.code(1383) + "No patch type supplied, cannot invoke server");
                        }
                        if (myPatchBody == null) {
                                throw new InvalidRequestException(Msg.code(1384) + "No patch body supplied, cannot invoke server");
                        }

                        BaseHttpClientInvocation invocation;
                        if (myIsHistoryRewrite) {
                                if (!myId.hasVersionIdPart()) {
                                        throw new InvalidRequestException(Msg.code(2716)
                                                        + "Invalid resource ID for rewrite history: ID must contain a history version");
                                }
                                // createPatchInvocation() eventually calls HttpPatchClientInvocation
                                // passing in the ID as a URL (String) will keep the version whereas passing in the raw ID will remove
                                // the version
                                invocation = MethodUtil.createPatchInvocation(myContext, myId.getValue(), myPatchType, myPatchBody);
                                invocation.addHeader(Constants.HEADER_REWRITE_HISTORY, "true");
                        } else if (isNotBlank(mySearchUrl)) {
                                invocation = MethodUtil.createPatchInvocation(myContext, mySearchUrl, myPatchType, myPatchBody);
                        } else if (myConditional) {
                                invocation = MethodUtil.createPatchInvocation(
                                                myContext, myPatchType, myPatchBody, myResourceType, getParamMap());
                        } else {
                                if (myId == null || !myId.hasIdPart()) {
                                        throw new InvalidRequestException(
                                                        Msg.code(1385) + "No ID supplied for resource to patch, can not invoke server");
                                }
                                invocation = MethodUtil.createPatchInvocation(myContext, myId, myPatchType, myPatchBody);
                        }

                        addPreferHeader(myPrefer, invocation);

                        OutcomeResponseHandler binding = new OutcomeResponseHandler(myPrefer);

                        Map<String, List<String>> params = new HashMap<>();
                        return invoke(params, binding, invocation);
                }

                @Override
                public IPatchExecutable prefer(PreferReturnEnum theReturn) {
                        myPrefer = theReturn;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IPatchWithBody withBody(String thePatchBody) {
                        Validate.notBlank(thePatchBody, "thePatchBody must not be blank");

                        myPatchBody = thePatchBody;

                        EncodingEnum encoding = EncodingEnum.detectEncodingNoDefault(thePatchBody);
                        if (encoding == EncodingEnum.XML) {
                                myPatchType = PatchTypeEnum.XML_PATCH;
                        } else if (encoding == EncodingEnum.JSON) {
                                myPatchType = PatchTypeEnum.JSON_PATCH;
                        } else {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1386) + "Unable to determine encoding of patch");
                        }

                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IPatchWithBody withFhirPatch(IBaseParameters thePatchBody) {
                        Validate.notNull(thePatchBody, "thePatchBody must not be null");

                        myPatchType = PatchTypeEnum.FHIR_PATCH_JSON;
                        myPatchBody = myContext.newJsonParser().encodeResourceToString(thePatchBody);

                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IPatchExecutable withId(IIdType theId) {
                        if (theId == null) {
                                throw new NullPointerException(Msg.code(1387) + "theId can not be null");
                        }
                        Validate.notBlank(
                                        theId.getIdPart(),
                                        "theId must not be blank and must contain a resource type and ID (e.g. \"Patient/123\"), found: %s",
                                        UrlUtil.sanitizeUrlPart(theId.getValue()));
                        Validate.notBlank(
                                        theId.getResourceType(),
                                        "theId must not be blank and must contain a resource type and ID (e.g. \"Patient/123\"), found: %s",
                                        UrlUtil.sanitizeUrlPart(theId.getValue()));
                        myId = theId;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IPatchExecutable withId(String theId) {
                        if (theId == null) {
                                throw new NullPointerException(Msg.code(1388) + "theId can not be null");
                        }
                        return withId(new IdDt(theId));
                }

                @Override
                public IPatchWithBody historyRewrite() {
                        myIsHistoryRewrite = true;
                        return this;
                }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
        private class ReadInternal extends BaseClientExecutable implements IRead, IReadTyped, IReadExecutable {
                private IIdType myId;
                private String myIfVersionMatches;
                private ICallable myNotModifiedHandler;
                private RuntimeResourceDefinition myType;

                @Override
                public Object execute() { // AAA
                        if (myId.hasVersionIdPart()) {
                                return doReadOrVRead(
                                                myType.getImplementingClass(),
                                                myId,
                                                true,
                                                myNotModifiedHandler,
                                                myIfVersionMatches,
                                                myPrettyPrint,
                                                mySummaryMode,
                                                myParamEncoding,
                                                getSubsetElements(),
                                                getCustomAcceptHeaderValue(),
                                                myCustomHeaderValues);
                        }
                        return doReadOrVRead(
                                        myType.getImplementingClass(),
                                        myId,
                                        false,
                                        myNotModifiedHandler,
                                        myIfVersionMatches,
                                        myPrettyPrint,
                                        mySummaryMode,
                                        myParamEncoding,
                                        getSubsetElements(),
                                        getCustomAcceptHeaderValue(),
                                        myCustomHeaderValues);
                }

                @Override
                public IReadIfNoneMatch ifVersionMatches(String theVersion) {
                        myIfVersionMatches = theVersion;
                        return new IReadIfNoneMatch() {

                                @Override
                                public IReadExecutable returnNull() {
                                        myNotModifiedHandler = () -> null;
                                        return ReadInternal.this;
                                }

                                @Override
                                public IReadExecutable returnResource(final IBaseResource theInstance) {
                                        myNotModifiedHandler = () -> theInstance;
                                        return ReadInternal.this;
                                }

                                @Override
                                public IReadExecutable throwNotModifiedException() {
                                        myNotModifiedHandler = null;
                                        return ReadInternal.this;
                                }
                        };
                }

                private void processUrl() {
                        String resourceType = myId.getResourceType();
                        if (isBlank(resourceType)) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                                Msg.code(1389) + myContext.getLocalizer().getMessage(I18N_INCOMPLETE_URI_FOR_READ, myId));
                        }
                        myType = myContext.getResourceDefinition(resourceType);
                        if (myType == null) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                                Msg.code(1390) + myContext.getLocalizer().getMessage(I18N_CANNOT_DETEMINE_RESOURCE_TYPE, myId));
                        }
                }

                @Override
                public <T extends IBaseResource> IReadTyped<T> resource(Class<T> theResourceType) {
                        Validate.notNull(theResourceType, "theResourceType must not be null");
                        myType = myContext.getResourceDefinition(theResourceType);
                        if (myType == null) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1391)
                                                + myContext.getLocalizer().getMessage(I18N_CANNOT_DETEMINE_RESOURCE_TYPE, theResourceType));
                        }
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IReadTyped<IBaseResource> resource(String theResourceAsText) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theResourceAsText, "You must supply a value for theResourceAsText");
                        myType = myContext.getResourceDefinition(theResourceAsText);
                        if (myType == null) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1392)
                                                + myContext.getLocalizer().getMessage(I18N_CANNOT_DETEMINE_RESOURCE_TYPE, theResourceAsText));
                        }
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IReadExecutable withId(IIdType theId) {
                        Validate.notNull(theId, "The ID can not be null");
                        Validate.notBlank(theId.getIdPart(), "The ID can not be blank");
                        myId = theId.toUnqualified();
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IReadExecutable withId(Long theId) {
                        Validate.notNull(theId, "The ID can not be null");
                        myId = new IdDt(myType.getName(), theId);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IReadExecutable withId(String theId) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theId, "The ID can not be blank");
                        if (theId.indexOf('/') == -1) {
                                myId = new IdDt(myType.getName(), theId);
                        } else {
                                myId = new IdDt(theId);
                        }
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IReadExecutable withIdAndVersion(String theId, String theVersion) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theId, "The ID can not be blank");
                        myId = new IdDt(myType.getName(), theId, theVersion);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IReadExecutable withUrl(IIdType theUrl) {
                        Validate.notNull(theUrl, "theUrl can not be null");
                        myId = theUrl;
                        processUrl();
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IReadExecutable withUrl(String theUrl) {
                        myId = new IdDt(theUrl);
                        processUrl();
                        return this;
                }
        }

        private final class ResourceListResponseHandler implements IClientResponseHandler<List<IBaseResource>> {

                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                @Override
                public List<IBaseResource> invokeClient(
                                String theResponseMimeType,
                                InputStream theResponseInputStream,
                                int theResponseStatusCode,
                                Map<String, List<String>> theHeaders)
                                throws BaseServerResponseException {
                        Class<? extends IBaseResource> bundleType =
                                        myContext.getResourceDefinition("Bundle").getImplementingClass();
                        ResourceResponseHandler<IBaseResource> handler =
                                        new ResourceResponseHandler<>((Class<IBaseResource>) bundleType);
                        IBaseResource response = handler.invokeClient(
                                        theResponseMimeType, theResponseInputStream, theResponseStatusCode, theHeaders);
                        IVersionSpecificBundleFactory bundleFactory = myContext.newBundleFactory();
                        bundleFactory.initializeWithBundleResource(response);
                        return bundleFactory.toListOfResources();
                }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
        private class SearchInternal<OUTPUT> extends BaseSearch<IQuery<OUTPUT>, IQuery<OUTPUT>, OUTPUT>
                        implements IQuery<OUTPUT>, IUntypedQuery<IQuery<OUTPUT>> {

                private String myCompartmentName;
                private final List<Include> myInclude = new ArrayList<>();
                private DateRangeParam myLastUpdated;
                private Integer myParamLimit;
                private Integer myParamOffset;
                private final List<Collection<String>> myProfiles = new ArrayList<>();
                private String myResourceId;
                private String myResourceName;
                private Class<? extends IBaseResource> myResourceType;
                private Class<? extends IBaseBundle> myReturnBundleType;
                private final List<Include> myRevInclude = new ArrayList<>();
                private SearchStyleEnum mySearchStyle;
                private String mySearchUrl;
                private final List<TokenParam> mySecurity = new ArrayList<>();
                private final List<SortInternal> mySort = new ArrayList<>();
                private final List<TokenParam> myTags = new ArrayList<>();
                private SearchTotalModeEnum myTotalMode;

                public SearchInternal() {
                        myResourceType = null;
                        myResourceName = null;
                        mySearchUrl = null;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery byUrl(String theSearchUrl) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theSearchUrl, "theSearchUrl must not be blank/null");

                        if (theSearchUrl.startsWith("http://") || theSearchUrl.startsWith("https://")) {
                                mySearchUrl = theSearchUrl;
                                int qIndex = mySearchUrl.indexOf('?');
                                if (qIndex != -1) {
                                        mySearchUrl = mySearchUrl.substring(0, qIndex)
                                                        + validateAndEscapeConditionalUrl(mySearchUrl.substring(qIndex));
                                }
                        } else {
                                String searchUrl = theSearchUrl;
                                if (searchUrl.startsWith("/")) {
                                        searchUrl = searchUrl.substring(1);
                                }
                                if (!searchUrl.matches("[a-zA-Z]+($|\\?.*)")) {
                                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                                        Msg.code(1393)
                                                                        + "Search URL must be either a complete URL starting with http: or https:, or a relative FHIR URL in the form [ResourceType]?[Params]");
                                }
                                int qIndex = searchUrl.indexOf('?');
                                if (qIndex == -1) {
                                        mySearchUrl = getUrlBase() + '/' + searchUrl;
                                } else {
                                        mySearchUrl = getUrlBase() + '/' + validateAndEscapeConditionalUrl(searchUrl);
                                }
                        }
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery count(int theLimitTo) {
                        if (theLimitTo > 0) {
                                myParamLimit = theLimitTo;
                        } else {
                                myParamLimit = null;
                        }
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery offset(int theOffset) {
                        if (theOffset >= 0) {
                                myParamOffset = theOffset;
                        } else {
                                myParamOffset = null;
                        }
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public OUTPUT execute() {

                        Map<String, List<String>> params = getParamMap();

                        for (TokenParam next : myTags) {
                                addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_TAG, next.getValueAsQueryToken(myContext));
                        }

                        for (TokenParam next : mySecurity) {
                                addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_SECURITY, next.getValueAsQueryToken(myContext));
                        }

                        for (Collection<String> profileUris : myProfiles) {
                                StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
                                for (Iterator<String> profileItr = profileUris.iterator(); profileItr.hasNext(); ) {
                                        builder.append(profileItr.next());
                                        if (profileItr.hasNext()) {
                                                builder.append(',');
                                        }
                                }
                                addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_PROFILE, builder.toString());
                        }

                        for (Include next : myInclude) {
                                if (next.isRecurse()) {
                                        if (myContext.getVersion().getVersion().isEqualOrNewerThan(FhirVersionEnum.R4)) {
                                                addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_INCLUDE_ITERATE, next.getValue());
                                        } else {
                                                addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_INCLUDE_RECURSE, next.getValue());
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_INCLUDE, next.getValue());
                                }
                        }

                        for (Include next : myRevInclude) {
                                if (next.isRecurse()) {
                                        if (myContext.getVersion().getVersion().isEqualOrNewerThan(FhirVersionEnum.R4)) {
                                                addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_REVINCLUDE_ITERATE, next.getValue());
                                        } else {
                                                addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_REVINCLUDE_RECURSE, next.getValue());
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_REVINCLUDE, next.getValue());
                                }
                        }

                        if (myContext.getVersion().getVersion().isNewerThan(FhirVersionEnum.DSTU2)) {
                                SortSpec rootSs = null;
                                SortSpec lastSs = null;
                                for (SortInternal next : mySort) {
                                        SortSpec nextSortSpec = new SortSpec();
                                        nextSortSpec.setParamName(next.getParamValue());
                                        nextSortSpec.setOrder(next.getDirection());
                                        if (rootSs == null) {
                                                rootSs = nextSortSpec;
                                        } else {
                                                lastSs.setChain(nextSortSpec);
                                        }
                                        lastSs = nextSortSpec;
                                }
                                if (rootSs != null) {
                                        addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_SORT, SortParameter.createSortStringDstu3(rootSs));
                                }
                        } else {
                                for (SortInternal next : mySort) {
                                        addParam(params, next.getParamName(), next.getParamValue());
                                }
                        }

                        if (myParamLimit != null) {
                                addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_COUNT, Integer.toString(myParamLimit));
                        }

                        if (myParamOffset != null) {
                                addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_OFFSET, Integer.toString(myParamOffset));
                        }

                        if (myLastUpdated != null) {
                                for (DateParam next : myLastUpdated.getValuesAsQueryTokens()) {
                                        addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_LASTUPDATED, next.getValueAsQueryToken(myContext));
                                }
                        }

                        if (myTotalMode != null) {
                                addParam(params, Constants.PARAM_SEARCH_TOTAL_MODE, myTotalMode.getCode());
                        }

                        IClientResponseHandler<? extends IBase> binding;
                        binding = new ResourceResponseHandler(myReturnBundleType, getPreferResponseTypes(myResourceType));

                        IdDt resourceId = myResourceId != null ? new IdDt(myResourceId) : null;

                        BaseHttpClientInvocation invocation;
                        if (mySearchUrl != null) {
                                invocation = SearchMethodBinding.createSearchInvocation(
                                                myContext, mySearchUrl, UrlSourceEnum.EXPLICIT, params);
                        } else {
                                invocation = SearchMethodBinding.createSearchInvocation(
                                                myContext, myResourceName, params, resourceId, myCompartmentName, mySearchStyle);
                        }

                        return (OUTPUT) invoke(params, binding, invocation);
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery forAllResources() {
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery forResource(Class theResourceType) {
                        setType(theResourceType);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery forResource(String theResourceName) {
                        setType(theResourceName);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery include(Include theInclude) {
                        myInclude.add(theInclude);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery lastUpdated(DateRangeParam theLastUpdated) {
                        myLastUpdated = theLastUpdated;
                        return this;
                }

                @Deprecated // override deprecated method
                @Override
                public IQuery limitTo(int theLimitTo) {
                        return count(theLimitTo);
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery<OUTPUT> totalMode(SearchTotalModeEnum theSearchTotalModeEnum) {
                        myTotalMode = theSearchTotalModeEnum;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery returnBundle(Class theClass) {
                        if (theClass == null) {
                                throw new NullPointerException(Msg.code(1394) + "theClass must not be null");
                        }
                        myReturnBundleType = theClass;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery revInclude(Include theInclude) {
                        myRevInclude.add(theInclude);
                        return this;
                }

                private void setType(Class<? extends IBaseResource> theResourceType) {
                        myResourceType = theResourceType;
                        RuntimeResourceDefinition definition = myContext.getResourceDefinition(theResourceType);
                        myResourceName = definition.getName();
                }

                private void setType(String theResourceName) {
                        myResourceType = myContext.getResourceDefinition(theResourceName).getImplementingClass();
                        myResourceName = theResourceName;
                }

                @Override
                public ISort sort() {
                        SortInternal retVal = new SortInternal(this);
                        mySort.add(retVal);
                        return retVal;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery sort(SortSpec theSortSpec) {
                        SortSpec sortSpec = theSortSpec;
                        while (sortSpec != null) {
                                mySort.add(new SortInternal(sortSpec));
                                sortSpec = sortSpec.getChain();
                        }
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery usingStyle(SearchStyleEnum theStyle) {
                        mySearchStyle = theStyle;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery withAnyProfile(Collection theProfileUris) {
                        Validate.notEmpty(theProfileUris, "theProfileUris must not be null or empty");
                        myProfiles.add(theProfileUris);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery withIdAndCompartment(String theResourceId, String theCompartmentName) {
                        myResourceId = theResourceId;
                        myCompartmentName = theCompartmentName;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery withProfile(String theProfileUri) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theProfileUri, "theProfileUri must not be null or empty");
                        myProfiles.add(Collections.singletonList(theProfileUri));
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery withSecurity(String theSystem, String theCode) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theCode, "theCode must not be null or empty");
                        mySecurity.add(new TokenParam(theSystem, theCode));
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery withTag(String theSystem, String theCode) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theCode, "theCode must not be null or empty");
                        myTags.add(new TokenParam(theSystem, theCode));
                        return this;
                }
        }

        private static final class StringResponseHandler implements IClientResponseHandler<String> {

                @Override
                public String invokeClient(
                                String theResponseMimeType,
                                InputStream theResponseInputStream,
                                int theResponseStatusCode,
                                Map<String, List<String>> theHeaders)
                                throws IOException, BaseServerResponseException {
                        return IOUtils.toString(theResponseInputStream, Charsets.UTF_8);
                }
        }

        private static class EntityResult implements IEntityResult {
                private final String myMimeType;
                private final InputStream myInputStream;
                private final int myStatusCode;
                private final Map<String, List<String>> myHeaders;

                public EntityResult(
                                String theResponseMimeType,
                                InputStream theResponseInputStream,
                                int theResponseStatusCode,
                                Map<String, List<String>> theHeaders) {
                        myMimeType = theResponseMimeType;
                        myInputStream = theResponseInputStream != null ? theResponseInputStream : InputStream.nullInputStream();
                        myStatusCode = theResponseStatusCode;
                        myHeaders = theHeaders != null ? theHeaders : new HashMap<>();
                }

                public String getMimeType() {
                        return myMimeType;
                }

                @NonNull
                public InputStream getInputStream() {
                        return myInputStream;
                }

                public int getStatusCode() {
                        return myStatusCode;
                }

                @NonNull
                public Map<String, List<String>> getHeaders() {
                        return myHeaders;
                }
        }

        private static final class EntityResultResponseHandler implements IClientResponseHandler<EntityResult> {

                @Override
                public EntityResult invokeClient(
                                String theResponseMimeType,
                                InputStream theResponseInputStream,
                                int theResponseStatusCode,
                                Map<String, List<String>> theHeaders)
                                throws IOException, BaseServerResponseException {
                        return new EntityResult(theResponseMimeType, theResponseInputStream, theResponseStatusCode, theHeaders);
                }
        }

        private static final class StringOutcomeResponseHandler implements IClientResponseHandler<StringOutcome> {

                @Override
                public StringOutcome invokeClient(
                                String theResponseMimeType,
                                InputStream theResponseInputStream,
                                int theResponseStatusCode,
                                Map<String, List<String>> theHeaders)
                                throws IOException, BaseServerResponseException {

                        String payload = IOUtils.toString(theResponseInputStream, Charsets.UTF_8);
                        return new StringOutcome(theResponseStatusCode, payload, theHeaders);
                }
        }

        private final class TransactionExecutable<T> extends BaseClientExecutable<ITransactionTyped<T>, T>
                        implements ITransactionTyped<T> {

                private IBaseBundle myBaseBundle;
                private String myRawBundle;
                private EncodingEnum myRawBundleEncoding;
                private List<? extends IBaseResource> myResources;

                public TransactionExecutable(IBaseBundle theBundle) {
                        myBaseBundle = theBundle;
                }

                public TransactionExecutable(List<? extends IBaseResource> theResources) {
                        myResources = theResources;
                }

                public TransactionExecutable(String theBundle) {
                        myRawBundle = theBundle;
                        myRawBundleEncoding = EncodingEnum.detectEncodingNoDefault(myRawBundle);
                        if (myRawBundleEncoding == null) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1395)
                                                + myContext.getLocalizer().getMessage(GenericClient.class, "cantDetermineRequestType"));
                        }
                }

                @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
                @Override
                public T execute() {
                        Map<String, List<String>> params = new HashMap<>();
                        if (myResources != null) {
                                ResourceListResponseHandler binding = new ResourceListResponseHandler();
                                BaseHttpClientInvocation invocation =
                                                TransactionMethodBinding.createTransactionInvocation(myResources, myContext);
                                return (T) invoke(params, binding, invocation);
                        } else if (myBaseBundle != null) {
                                ResourceResponseHandler binding =
                                                new ResourceResponseHandler(myBaseBundle.getClass(), getPreferResponseTypes());
                                BaseHttpClientInvocation invocation =
                                                TransactionMethodBinding.createTransactionInvocation(myBaseBundle, myContext);
                                return (T) invoke(params, binding, invocation);
                                // } else if (myRawBundle != null) {
                        } else {
                                StringResponseHandler binding = new StringResponseHandler();
                                /*
                                 * If the user has explicitly requested a given encoding, we may need to re-encode the raw string
                                 */
                                if (getParamEncoding() != null) {
                                        if (EncodingEnum.detectEncodingNoDefault(myRawBundle) != getParamEncoding()) {
                                                IBaseResource parsed = parseResourceBody(myRawBundle);
                                                myRawBundle =
                                                                getParamEncoding().newParser(getFhirContext()).encodeResourceToString(parsed);
                                        }
                                }
                                BaseHttpClientInvocation invocation =
                                                TransactionMethodBinding.createTransactionInvocation(myRawBundle, myContext);
                                return (T) invoke(params, binding, invocation);
                        }
                }
        }

        private final class TransactionInternal implements ITransaction {

                @Override
                public ITransactionTyped<String> withBundle(String theBundle) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theBundle, "theBundle must not be null");
                        return new TransactionExecutable<>(theBundle);
                }

                @Override
                public <T extends IBaseBundle> ITransactionTyped<T> withBundle(T theBundle) {
                        Validate.notNull(theBundle, "theBundle must not be null");
                        return new TransactionExecutable<>(theBundle);
                }

                @Override
                public ITransactionTyped<List<IBaseResource>> withResources(List<? extends IBaseResource> theResources) {
                        Validate.notNull(theResources, "theResources must not be null");

                        for (IBaseResource next : theResources) {
                                BundleEntryTransactionMethodEnum entryMethod =
                                                ResourceMetadataKeyEnum.ENTRY_TRANSACTION_METHOD.get(next);

                                if (entryMethod == null) {
                                        if (isBlank(next.getIdElement().getValue())) {
                                                entryMethod = BundleEntryTransactionMethodEnum.POST;
                                        } else {
                                                entryMethod = BundleEntryTransactionMethodEnum.PUT;
                                        }
                                        ResourceMetadataKeyEnum.ENTRY_TRANSACTION_METHOD.put(next, entryMethod);
                                }
                        }

                        return new TransactionExecutable<>(theResources);
                }
        }

        private class UpdateInternal extends BaseSearch<IUpdateExecutable, IUpdateWithQueryTyped, MethodOutcome>
                        implements IUpdate, IUpdateTyped, IUpdateExecutable, IUpdateWithQuery, IUpdateWithQueryTyped {

                private boolean myConditional;
                private IIdType myId;
                private PreferReturnEnum myPrefer;
                private IBaseResource myResource;
                private String myResourceBody;
                private String mySearchUrl;
                private boolean myIsHistoryRewrite;

                @Override
                public IUpdateTyped historyRewrite() {
                        myIsHistoryRewrite = true;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IUpdateWithQuery conditional() {
                        myConditional = true;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IUpdateTyped conditionalByUrl(String theSearchUrl) {
                        mySearchUrl = validateAndEscapeConditionalUrl(theSearchUrl);
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public MethodOutcome execute() {
                        if (myResource == null) {
                                myResource = parseResourceBody(myResourceBody);
                        }

                        // If an explicit encoding is chosen, we will re-serialize to ensure the right encoding
                        if (getParamEncoding() != null) {
                                myResourceBody = null;
                        }

                        BaseHttpClientInvocation invocation;
                        if (mySearchUrl != null) {
                                invocation = MethodUtil.createUpdateInvocation(myContext, myResource, myResourceBody, mySearchUrl);
                        } else if (myConditional) {
                                invocation = MethodUtil.createUpdateInvocation(myContext, myResource, myResourceBody, getParamMap());
                        } else {
                                if (myId == null) {
                                        myId = myResource.getIdElement();
                                }

                                if (myId == null || !myId.hasIdPart()) {
                                        throw new InvalidRequestException(
                                                        Msg.code(1396) + "No ID supplied for resource to update, can not invoke server");
                                }

                                if (myIsHistoryRewrite) {
                                        if (!myId.hasVersionIdPart()) {
                                                throw new InvalidRequestException(Msg.code(2090) + "ID must contain a history version, found: "
                                                                + myId.getVersionIdPart());
                                        }
                                        invocation = MethodUtil.createUpdateHistoryRewriteInvocation(
                                                        myResource, myResourceBody, myId, myContext);
                                        invocation.addHeader(Constants.HEADER_REWRITE_HISTORY, "true");
                                } else {
                                        invocation = MethodUtil.createUpdateInvocation(myResource, myResourceBody, myId, myContext);
                                }
                        }

                        addPreferHeader(myPrefer, invocation);

                        OutcomeResponseHandler binding = new OutcomeResponseHandler(myPrefer);

                        Map<String, List<String>> params = new HashMap<>();
                        return invoke(params, binding, invocation);
                }

                @Override
                public IUpdateExecutable prefer(PreferReturnEnum theReturn) {
                        myPrefer = theReturn;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IUpdateTyped resource(IBaseResource theResource) {
                        Validate.notNull(theResource, "Resource can not be null");
                        myResource = theResource;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IUpdateTyped resource(String theResourceBody) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theResourceBody, "Body can not be null or blank");
                        myResourceBody = theResourceBody;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IUpdateExecutable withId(IIdType theId) {
                        if (theId == null) {
                                throw new NullPointerException(Msg.code(1397) + "theId can not be null");
                        }
                        if (!theId.hasIdPart()) {
                                throw new NullPointerException(
                                                Msg.code(1398) + "theId must not be blank and must contain an ID, found: " + theId.getValue());
                        }
                        myId = theId;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IUpdateExecutable withId(String theId) {
                        if (theId == null) {
                                throw new NullPointerException(Msg.code(1399) + "theId can not be null");
                        }
                        if (isBlank(theId)) {
                                throw new NullPointerException(
                                                Msg.code(1400) + "theId must not be blank and must contain an ID, found: " + theId);
                        }
                        myId = new IdDt(theId);
                        return this;
                }
        }

        private class ValidateInternal extends BaseClientExecutable<IValidateUntyped, MethodOutcome>
                        implements IValidate, IValidateUntyped {
                private IBaseResource myResource;

                @Override
                public MethodOutcome execute() {
                        BaseHttpClientInvocation invocation =
                                        ValidateMethodBindingDstu2Plus.createValidateInvocation(myContext, myResource);
                        ResourceResponseHandler<BaseOperationOutcome> handler = new ResourceResponseHandler<>(null, null);
                        MethodOutcomeResponseHandler methodHandler = new MethodOutcomeResponseHandler(handler);
                        return invoke(null, methodHandler, invocation);
                }

                @Override
                public IValidateUntyped resource(IBaseResource theResource) {
                        Validate.notNull(theResource, "theResource must not be null");
                        myResource = theResource;
                        return this;
                }

                @Override
                public IValidateUntyped resource(String theResourceRaw) {
                        Validate.notBlank(theResourceRaw, "theResourceRaw must not be null or blank");
                        myResource = parseResourceBody(theResourceRaw);

                        EncodingEnum enc = EncodingEnum.detectEncodingNoDefault(theResourceRaw);
                        if (enc == null) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1401)
                                                + myContext.getLocalizer().getMessage(GenericClient.class, "cantDetermineRequestType"));
                        }
                        switch (enc) {
                                case XML:
                                        encodedXml();
                                        break;
                                case JSON:
                                        encodedJson();
                                        break;
                        }
                        return this;
                }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
        private static class SortInternal implements ISort {

                private SortOrderEnum myDirection;
                private SearchInternal myFor;
                private String myParamName;
                private String myParamValue;

                public SortInternal(SearchInternal theFor) {
                        myFor = theFor;
                }

                public SortInternal(SortSpec theSortSpec) {
                        if (theSortSpec.getOrder() == null) {
                                myParamName = Constants.PARAM_SORT;
                        } else if (theSortSpec.getOrder() == SortOrderEnum.ASC) {
                                myParamName = Constants.PARAM_SORT_ASC;
                        } else if (theSortSpec.getOrder() == SortOrderEnum.DESC) {
                                myParamName = Constants.PARAM_SORT_DESC;
                        }
                        myDirection = theSortSpec.getOrder();
                        myParamValue = theSortSpec.getParamName();
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery ascending(IParam theParam) {
                        myParamName = Constants.PARAM_SORT_ASC;
                        myDirection = SortOrderEnum.ASC;
                        myParamValue = theParam.getParamName();
                        return myFor;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery ascending(String theParam) {
                        myParamName = Constants.PARAM_SORT_ASC;
                        myDirection = SortOrderEnum.ASC;
                        myParamValue = theParam;
                        return myFor;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery defaultOrder(IParam theParam) {
                        myParamName = Constants.PARAM_SORT;
                        myDirection = null;
                        myParamValue = theParam.getParamName();
                        return myFor;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery defaultOrder(String theParam) {
                        myParamName = Constants.PARAM_SORT;
                        myDirection = null;
                        myParamValue = theParam;
                        return myFor;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery descending(IParam theParam) {
                        myParamName = Constants.PARAM_SORT_DESC;
                        myDirection = SortOrderEnum.DESC;
                        myParamValue = theParam.getParamName();
                        return myFor;
                }

                @Override
                public IQuery descending(String theParam) {
                        myParamName = Constants.PARAM_SORT_DESC;
                        myDirection = SortOrderEnum.DESC;
                        myParamValue = theParam;
                        return myFor;
                }

                public SortOrderEnum getDirection() {
                        return myDirection;
                }

                public String getParamName() {
                        return myParamName;
                }

                public String getParamValue() {
                        return myParamValue;
                }
        }

        private static void addParam(Map<String, List<String>> params, String parameterName, String parameterValue) {
                if (!params.containsKey(parameterName)) {
                        params.put(parameterName, new ArrayList<>());
                }
                params.get(parameterName).add(parameterValue);
        }

        private static void addPreferHeader(PreferReturnEnum thePrefer, BaseHttpClientInvocation theInvocation) {
                if (thePrefer != null) {
                        theInvocation.addHeader(
                                        Constants.HEADER_PREFER, Constants.HEADER_PREFER_RETURN + '=' + thePrefer.getHeaderValue());
                }
        }

        private static String validateAndEscapeConditionalUrl(String theSearchUrl) {
                Validate.notBlank(theSearchUrl, "Conditional URL can not be blank/null");
                StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
                boolean haveHadQuestionMark = false;
                for (int i = 0; i < theSearchUrl.length(); i++) {
                        char nextChar = theSearchUrl.charAt(i);
                        if (!haveHadQuestionMark) {
                                if (nextChar == '?') {
                                        haveHadQuestionMark = true;
                                } else if (!Character.isLetter(nextChar)) {
                                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(Msg.code(1402)
                                                        + "Conditional URL must be in the format \"[ResourceType]?[Params]\" and must not have a base URL - Found: "
                                                        + theSearchUrl);
                                }
                                b.append(nextChar);
                        } else {
                                switch (nextChar) {
                                        case '|':
                                        case '?':
                                        case '$':
                                        case ':':
                                                b.append(UrlUtil.escapeUrlParam(Character.toString(nextChar)));
                                                break;
                                        default:
                                                b.append(nextChar);
                                                break;
                                }
                        }
                }
                return b.toString();
        }
}