package org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.utils;

/*
  Copyright (c) 2011+, HL7, Inc.
  All rights reserved.
  
  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, 
  are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
    
   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this 
     list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 
     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 
     and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   * Neither the name of HL7 nor the names of its contributors may be used to 
     endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific 
     prior written permission.
  
  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND 
  ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 
  WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 
  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 
  INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 
  NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR 
  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, 
  WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 
  ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 
  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  
 */

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

/*
Copyright (c) 2011+, HL7, Inc
  All rights reserved.

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
  are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
     list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
     and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   * Neither the name of HL7 nor the names of its contributors may be used to
     endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
     prior written permission.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
  ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
  WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
  INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
  NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
  WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
  ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

*/

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.NotImplementedException;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.formats.FormatUtilities;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.formats.IParser.OutputStyle;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Address;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Annotation;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Attachment;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Base;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Base64BinaryType;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.BooleanType;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Bundle;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.CodeType;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.CodeableConcept;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Coding;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Composition;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Composition.SectionComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ConceptMap;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ConceptMap.ConceptMapContactComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ConceptMap.OtherElementComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ConceptMap.SourceElementComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ConceptMap.TargetElementComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Conformance;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Conformance.ConformanceRestComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Conformance.ConformanceRestResourceComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Conformance.ResourceInteractionComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Conformance.SystemInteractionComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Conformance.SystemRestfulInteraction;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Conformance.TypeRestfulInteraction;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ContactPoint;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ContactPoint.ContactPointSystem;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.DateTimeType;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.DomainResource;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ElementDefinition;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ElementDefinition.TypeRefComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Enumeration;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Extension;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ExtensionHelper;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.HumanName;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.HumanName.NameUse;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.IdType;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Identifier;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.InstantType;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Meta;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Narrative;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Narrative.NarrativeStatus;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.OperationDefinition;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.OperationDefinition.OperationDefinitionParameterComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.OperationOutcome;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.OperationOutcome.IssueSeverity;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.OperationOutcome.OperationOutcomeIssueComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Period;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.PrimitiveType;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Property;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Quantity;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Range;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Ratio;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Reference;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Resource;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.SampledData;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.StringType;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.StructureDefinition;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Timing;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Timing.EventTiming;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Timing.TimingRepeatComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.Timing.UnitsOfTime;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.UriType;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ValueSet;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ValueSet.ConceptDefinitionComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ValueSet.ConceptDefinitionDesignationComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ValueSet.ConceptReferenceComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ValueSet.ConceptSetComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ValueSet.ConceptSetFilterComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ValueSet.FilterOperator;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.ValueSet.ValueSetExpansionContainsComponent;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.terminologies.ValueSetExpander.ValueSetExpansionOutcome;
import org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.utils.IWorkerContext.ValidationResult;
import org.hl7.fhir.exceptions.DefinitionException;
import org.hl7.fhir.exceptions.FHIRException;
import org.hl7.fhir.exceptions.FHIRFormatError;
import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.CommaSeparatedStringBuilder;
import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.LoincLinker;
import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.MarkDownProcessor;
import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.MarkDownProcessor.Dialect;
import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.Utilities;
import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.xhtml.NodeType;
import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.xhtml.XhtmlComposer;
import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.xhtml.XhtmlNode;
import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.xhtml.XhtmlParser;
import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.xml.XMLUtil;
import org.hl7.fhir.utilities.xml.XmlGenerator;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;

@Deprecated
public class NarrativeGenerator implements INarrativeGenerator {

  private interface PropertyWrapper {
    public String getName();

    public boolean hasValues();

    public List<BaseWrapper> getValues();

    public String getTypeCode();

    public String getDefinition();

    public int getMinCardinality();

    public int getMaxCardinality();

    public StructureDefinition getStructure();
  }

  private interface ResourceWrapper {
    public List<ResourceWrapper> getContained();

    public String getId();

    public XhtmlNode getNarrative() throws FHIRFormatError, IOException, FHIRException;

    public String getName();

    public List<PropertyWrapper> children();
  }

  private interface BaseWrapper {
    public Base getBase() throws UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException, FHIRException;

    public List<PropertyWrapper> children();

    public PropertyWrapper getChildByName(String tail);
  }

  private class BaseWrapperElement implements BaseWrapper {
    private Element element;
    private String type;
    private StructureDefinition structure;
    private ElementDefinition definition;
    private List<ElementDefinition> children;
    private List<PropertyWrapper> list;

    public BaseWrapperElement(Element element, String type, StructureDefinition structure,
        ElementDefinition definition) {
      this.element = element;
      this.type = type;
      this.structure = structure;
      this.definition = definition;
    }

    @Override
    public Base getBase() throws UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException, FHIRException {
      if (type == null || type.equals("Resource") || type.equals("BackboneElement") || type.equals("Element"))
        return null;

      String xml = new XmlGenerator().generate(element);
      return context.newXmlParser().setOutputStyle(OutputStyle.PRETTY).parseType(xml, type);
    }

    @Override
    public List<PropertyWrapper> children() {
      if (list == null) {
        children = ProfileUtilities.getChildList(structure, definition);
        list = new ArrayList<NarrativeGenerator.PropertyWrapper>();
        for (ElementDefinition child : children) {
          List<Element> elements = new ArrayList<Element>();
          XMLUtil.getNamedChildrenWithWildcard(element, tail(child.getPath()), elements);
          list.add(new PropertyWrapperElement(structure, child, elements));
        }
      }
      return list;
    }

    @Override
    public PropertyWrapper getChildByName(String name) {
      for (PropertyWrapper p : children())
        if (p.getName().equals(name))
          return p;
      return null;
    }

  }

  private class PropertyWrapperElement implements PropertyWrapper {

    private StructureDefinition structure;
    private ElementDefinition definition;
    private List<Element> values;
    private List<BaseWrapper> list;

    public PropertyWrapperElement(StructureDefinition structure, ElementDefinition definition, List<Element> values) {
      this.structure = structure;
      this.definition = definition;
      this.values = values;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
      return tail(definition.getPath());
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasValues() {
      return values.size() > 0;
    }

    @Override
    public List<BaseWrapper> getValues() {
      if (list == null) {
        list = new ArrayList<NarrativeGenerator.BaseWrapper>();
        for (Element e : values)
          list.add(new BaseWrapperElement(e, determineType(e), structure, definition));
      }
      return list;
    }

    private String determineType(Element e) {
      if (definition.getType().isEmpty())
        return null;
      if (definition.getType().size() == 1) {
        if (definition.getType().get(0).getCode().equals("Element")
            || definition.getType().get(0).getCode().equals("BackboneElement"))
          return null;
        return definition.getType().get(0).getCode();
      }
      String t = e.getNodeName().substring(tail(definition.getPath()).length() - 3);
      boolean allReference = true;
      for (TypeRefComponent tr : definition.getType()) {
        if (!tr.getCode().equals("Reference"))
          allReference = false;
      }
      if (allReference)
        return "Reference";

      if (ProfileUtilities.isPrimitive(t))
        return Utilities.uncapitalize(t);
      else
        return t;
    }

    @Override
    public String getTypeCode() {
      throw new Error("todo");
    }

    @Override
    public String getDefinition() {
      throw new Error("todo");
    }

    @Override
    public int getMinCardinality() {
      throw new Error("todo");
//      return definition.getMin();
    }

    @Override
    public int getMaxCardinality() {
      throw new Error("todo");
    }

    @Override
    public StructureDefinition getStructure() {
      return structure;
    }

  }

  private class ResurceWrapperElement implements ResourceWrapper {

    private Element wrapped;
    private StructureDefinition definition;
    private List<ResourceWrapper> list;
    private List<PropertyWrapper> list2;

    public ResurceWrapperElement(Element wrapped, StructureDefinition definition) {
      this.wrapped = wrapped;
      this.definition = definition;
    }

    @Override
    public List<ResourceWrapper> getContained() {
      if (list == null) {
        List<Element> children = new ArrayList<Element>();
        XMLUtil.getNamedChildren(wrapped, "contained", children);
        list = new ArrayList<NarrativeGenerator.ResourceWrapper>();
        for (Element e : children) {
          Element c = XMLUtil.getFirstChild(e);
          list.add(new ResurceWrapperElement(c, context.fetchTypeDefinition(c.getNodeName())));
        }
      }
      return list;
    }

    @Override
    public String getId() {
      return XMLUtil.getNamedChildValue(wrapped, "id");
    }

    @Override
    public XhtmlNode getNarrative() throws FHIRFormatError, IOException, FHIRException {
      Element txt = XMLUtil.getNamedChild(wrapped, "text");
      if (txt == null)
        return null;
      Element div = XMLUtil.getNamedChild(txt, "div");
      if (div == null)
        return null;
      return new XhtmlParser().parse(new XmlGenerator().generate(div), "div");
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
      return wrapped.getNodeName();
    }

    @Override
    public List<PropertyWrapper> children() {
      if (list2 == null) {
        List<ElementDefinition> children = ProfileUtilities.getChildList(definition,
            definition.getSnapshot().getElement().get(0));
        list2 = new ArrayList<NarrativeGenerator.PropertyWrapper>();
        for (ElementDefinition child : children) {
          List<Element> elements = new ArrayList<Element>();
          XMLUtil.getNamedChildrenWithWildcard(wrapped, tail(child.getPath()), elements);
          list2.add(new PropertyWrapperElement(definition, child, elements));
        }
      }
      return list2;
    }
  }

  private class PropertyWrapperDirect implements PropertyWrapper {
    private Property wrapped;
    private List<BaseWrapper> list;

    private PropertyWrapperDirect(Property wrapped) {
      super();
      if (wrapped == null)
        throw new Error("wrapped == null");
      this.wrapped = wrapped;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
      return wrapped.getName();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasValues() {
      return wrapped.hasValues();
    }

    @Override
    public List<BaseWrapper> getValues() {
      if (list == null) {
        list = new ArrayList<NarrativeGenerator.BaseWrapper>();
        for (Base b : wrapped.getValues())
          list.add(b == null ? null : new BaseWrapperDirect(b));
      }
      return list;
    }

    @Override
    public String getTypeCode() {
      return wrapped.getTypeCode();
    }

    @Override
    public String getDefinition() {
      return wrapped.getDefinition();
    }

    @Override
    public int getMinCardinality() {
      return wrapped.getMinCardinality();
    }

    @Override
    public int getMaxCardinality() {
      return wrapped.getMinCardinality();
    }

    @Override
    public StructureDefinition getStructure() {
      return wrapped.getStructure();
    }
  }

  private class BaseWrapperDirect implements BaseWrapper {
    private Base wrapped;
    private List<PropertyWrapper> list;

    private BaseWrapperDirect(Base wrapped) {
      super();
      if (wrapped == null)
        throw new Error("wrapped == null");
      this.wrapped = wrapped;
    }

    @Override
    public Base getBase() {
      return wrapped;
    }

    @Override
    public List<PropertyWrapper> children() {
      if (list == null) {
        list = new ArrayList<NarrativeGenerator.PropertyWrapper>();
        for (Property p : wrapped.children())
          list.add(new PropertyWrapperDirect(p));
      }
      return list;

    }

    @Override
    public PropertyWrapper getChildByName(String name) {
      Property p = wrapped.getChildByName(name);
      if (p == null)
        return null;
      else
        return new PropertyWrapperDirect(p);
    }

  }

  private class ResourceWrapperDirect implements ResourceWrapper {
    private Resource wrapped;

    private ResourceWrapperDirect(Resource wrapped) {
      super();
      if (wrapped == null)
        throw new Error("wrapped == null");
      this.wrapped = wrapped;
    }

    @Override
    public List<ResourceWrapper> getContained() {
      List<ResourceWrapper> list = new ArrayList<NarrativeGenerator.ResourceWrapper>();
      if (wrapped instanceof DomainResource) {
        DomainResource dr = (DomainResource) wrapped;
        for (Resource c : dr.getContained()) {
          list.add(new ResourceWrapperDirect(c));
        }
      }
      return list;
    }

    @Override
    public String getId() {
      return wrapped.getId();
    }

    @Override
    public XhtmlNode getNarrative() {
      if (wrapped instanceof DomainResource) {
        DomainResource dr = (DomainResource) wrapped;
        if (dr.hasText() && dr.getText().hasDiv())
          return dr.getText().getDiv();
      }
      return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
      return wrapped.getResourceType().toString();
    }

    @Override
    public List<PropertyWrapper> children() {
      List<PropertyWrapper> list = new ArrayList<PropertyWrapper>();
      for (Property c : wrapped.children())
        list.add(new PropertyWrapperDirect(c));
      return list;
    }
  }

  public class ResourceWithReference {

    private String reference;
    private ResourceWrapper resource;

    public ResourceWithReference(String reference, ResourceWrapper resource) {
      this.reference = reference;
      this.resource = resource;
    }

    public String getReference() {
      return reference;
    }

    public ResourceWrapper getResource() {
      return resource;
    }
  }

  private String prefix;
  private IWorkerContext context;
  private String basePath;
  private String tooCostlyNote;
  private boolean pretty;

  public NarrativeGenerator(String prefix, String basePath, IWorkerContext context) {
    super();
    this.prefix = prefix;
    this.context = context;
    this.basePath = basePath;
  }

  public String getTooCostlyNote() {
    return tooCostlyNote;
  }

  public NarrativeGenerator setTooCostlyNote(String tooCostlyNote) {
    this.tooCostlyNote = tooCostlyNote;
    return this;
  }

  public void generate(DomainResource r) throws EOperationOutcome, FHIRException, IOException {
    if (r instanceof ConceptMap) {
      generate((ConceptMap) r); // Maintainer = Grahame
    } else if (r instanceof ValueSet) {
      generate((ValueSet) r, true); // Maintainer = Grahame
    } else if (r instanceof OperationOutcome) {
      generate((OperationOutcome) r); // Maintainer = Grahame
    } else if (r instanceof Conformance) {
      generate((Conformance) r); // Maintainer = Grahame
    } else if (r instanceof OperationDefinition) {
      generate((OperationDefinition) r); // Maintainer = Grahame
    } else {
      StructureDefinition p = null;
      if (r.hasMeta())
        for (UriType pu : r.getMeta().getProfile())
          if (p == null)
            p = context.fetchResource(StructureDefinition.class, pu.getValue());
      if (p == null)
        p = context.fetchResource(StructureDefinition.class, r.getResourceType().toString());
      if (p == null)
        p = context.fetchTypeDefinition(r.getResourceType().toString().toLowerCase());
      if (p != null)
        generateByProfile(r, p, true);
    }
  }

  // dom based version, for build program
  public String generate(Element doc) throws IOException {
    String rt = "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/" + doc.getNodeName();
    StructureDefinition p = context.fetchResource(StructureDefinition.class, rt);
    return generateByProfile(doc, p, true);
  }

  private void generateByProfile(DomainResource r, StructureDefinition profile, boolean showCodeDetails) {
    XhtmlNode x = new XhtmlNode(NodeType.Element, "div");
    x.addTag("p").addTag("b").addText("Generated Narrative" + (showCodeDetails ? " with Details" : ""));
    try {
      generateByProfile(r, profile, r, profile.getSnapshot().getElement(), profile.getSnapshot().getElement().get(0),
          getChildrenForPath(profile.getSnapshot().getElement(), r.getResourceType().toString()), x,
          r.getResourceType().toString(), showCodeDetails);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      x.addTag("p").addTag("b").setAttribute("style", "color: maroon")
          .addText("Exception generating Narrative: " + e.getMessage());
    }
    inject(r, x, NarrativeStatus.GENERATED);
  }

  private String generateByProfile(Element er, StructureDefinition profile, boolean showCodeDetails)
      throws IOException {
    XhtmlNode x = new XhtmlNode(NodeType.Element, "div");
    x.addTag("p").addTag("b").addText("Generated Narrative" + (showCodeDetails ? " with Details" : ""));
    try {
      generateByProfile(er, profile, er, profile.getSnapshot().getElement(), profile.getSnapshot().getElement().get(0),
          getChildrenForPath(profile.getSnapshot().getElement(), er.getLocalName()), x, er.getLocalName(),
          showCodeDetails);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      x.addTag("p").addTag("b").setAttribute("style", "color: maroon")
          .addText("Exception generating Narrative: " + e.getMessage());
    }
    inject(er, x, NarrativeStatus.GENERATED);
    return new XhtmlComposer(true, pretty).compose(x);
  }

  private void generateByProfile(Element eres, StructureDefinition profile, Element ee,
      List<ElementDefinition> allElements, ElementDefinition defn, List<ElementDefinition> children, XhtmlNode x,
      String path, boolean showCodeDetails) throws FHIRException, UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException {

    ResurceWrapperElement resw = new ResurceWrapperElement(eres, profile);
    BaseWrapperElement base = new BaseWrapperElement(ee, null, profile, profile.getSnapshot().getElement().get(0));
    generateByProfile(resw, profile, base, allElements, defn, children, x, path, showCodeDetails);
  }

  private void generateByProfile(Resource res, StructureDefinition profile, Base e, List<ElementDefinition> allElements,
      ElementDefinition defn, List<ElementDefinition> children, XhtmlNode x, String path, boolean showCodeDetails)
      throws FHIRException, UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException {
    generateByProfile(new ResourceWrapperDirect(res), profile, new BaseWrapperDirect(e), allElements, defn, children, x,
        path, showCodeDetails);
  }

  private void generateByProfile(ResourceWrapper res, StructureDefinition profile, BaseWrapper e,
      List<ElementDefinition> allElements, ElementDefinition defn, List<ElementDefinition> children, XhtmlNode x,
      String path, boolean showCodeDetails) throws FHIRException, UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException {
    if (children.isEmpty()) {
      renderLeaf(res, e, defn, x, false, showCodeDetails, readDisplayHints(defn));
    } else {
      for (PropertyWrapper p : splitExtensions(profile, e.children())) {
        if (p.hasValues()) {
          ElementDefinition child = getElementDefinition(children, path + "." + p.getName(), p);
          if (child != null) {
            Map<String, String> displayHints = readDisplayHints(child);
            if (!exemptFromRendering(child)) {
              List<ElementDefinition> grandChildren = getChildrenForPath(allElements, path + "." + p.getName());
              filterGrandChildren(grandChildren, path + "." + p.getName(), p);
              if (p.getValues().size() > 0 && child != null) {
                if (isPrimitive(child)) {
                  XhtmlNode para = x.addTag("p");
                  String name = p.getName();
                  if (name.endsWith("[x]"))
                    name = name.substring(0, name.length() - 3);
                  if (showCodeDetails || !isDefaultValue(displayHints, p.getValues())) {
                    para.addTag("b").addText(name);
                    para.addText(": ");
                    if (renderAsList(child) && p.getValues().size() > 1) {
                      XhtmlNode list = x.addTag("ul");
                      for (BaseWrapper v : p.getValues())
                        renderLeaf(res, v, child, list.addTag("li"), false, showCodeDetails, displayHints);
                    } else {
                      boolean first = true;
                      for (BaseWrapper v : p.getValues()) {
                        if (first)
                          first = false;
                        else
                          para.addText(", ");
                        renderLeaf(res, v, child, para, false, showCodeDetails, displayHints);
                      }
                    }
                  }
                } else if (canDoTable(path, p, grandChildren)) {
                  x.addTag("h3").addText(Utilities.capitalize(Utilities.camelCase(Utilities.pluralizeMe(p.getName()))));
                  XhtmlNode tbl = x.addTag("table").setAttribute("class", "grid");
                  XhtmlNode tr = tbl.addTag("tr");
                  tr.addTag("td").addText("-"); // work around problem with empty table rows
                  addColumnHeadings(tr, grandChildren);
                  for (BaseWrapper v : p.getValues()) {
                    if (v != null) {
                      tr = tbl.addTag("tr");
                      tr.addTag("td").addText("*"); // work around problem with empty table rows
                      addColumnValues(res, tr, grandChildren, v, showCodeDetails, displayHints);
                    }
                  }
                } else {
                  for (BaseWrapper v : p.getValues()) {
                    if (v != null) {
                      XhtmlNode bq = x.addTag("blockquote");
                      bq.addTag("p").addTag("b").addText(p.getName());
                      generateByProfile(res, profile, v, allElements, child, grandChildren, bq,
                          path + "." + p.getName(), showCodeDetails);
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  private void filterGrandChildren(List<ElementDefinition> grandChildren, String string, PropertyWrapper prop) {
    List<ElementDefinition> toRemove = new ArrayList<ElementDefinition>();
    toRemove.addAll(grandChildren);
    for (BaseWrapper b : prop.getValues()) {
      List<ElementDefinition> list = new ArrayList<ElementDefinition>();
      for (ElementDefinition ed : toRemove) {
        PropertyWrapper p = b.getChildByName(tail(ed.getPath()));
        if (p != null && p.hasValues())
          list.add(ed);
      }
      toRemove.removeAll(list);
    }
    grandChildren.removeAll(toRemove);
  }

  private List<PropertyWrapper> splitExtensions(StructureDefinition profile, List<PropertyWrapper> children)
      throws UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException, FHIRException {
    List<PropertyWrapper> results = new ArrayList<PropertyWrapper>();
    Map<String, PropertyWrapper> map = new HashMap<String, PropertyWrapper>();
    for (PropertyWrapper p : children)
      if (p.getName().equals("extension") || p.getName().equals("modifierExtension")) {
        // we're going to split these up, and create a property for each url
        if (p.hasValues()) {
          for (BaseWrapper v : p.getValues()) {
            Extension ex = (Extension) v.getBase();
            String url = ex.getUrl();
            StructureDefinition ed = context.fetchResource(StructureDefinition.class, url);
            if (p.getName().equals("modifierExtension") && ed == null)
              throw new DefinitionException("Unknown modifier extension " + url);
            PropertyWrapper pe = map.get(p.getName() + "[" + url + "]");
            if (pe == null) {
              if (ed == null) {
                if (url.startsWith("http://hl7.org/fhir"))
                  throw new DefinitionException("unknown extension " + url);
                System.out.println("unknown extension " + url);
                pe = new PropertyWrapperDirect(new Property(p.getName() + "[" + url + "]", p.getTypeCode(),
                    p.getDefinition(), p.getMinCardinality(), p.getMaxCardinality(), ex));
              } else {
                ElementDefinition def = ed.getSnapshot().getElement().get(0);
                pe = new PropertyWrapperDirect(
                    new Property(p.getName() + "[" + url + "]", "Extension", def.getDefinition(), def.getMin(),
                        def.getMax().equals("*") ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : Integer.parseInt(def.getMax()), ex));
                ((PropertyWrapperDirect) pe).wrapped.setStructure(ed);
              }
              results.add(pe);
            } else
              pe.getValues().add(v);
          }
        }
      } else
        results.add(p);
    return results;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
  private boolean isDefaultValue(Map<String, String> displayHints, List<BaseWrapper> list)
      throws UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException, FHIRException {
    if (list.size() != 1)
      return false;
    if (list.get(0).getBase() instanceof PrimitiveType)
      return isDefault(displayHints, (PrimitiveType) list.get(0).getBase());
    else
      return false;
  }

  private boolean isDefault(Map<String, String> displayHints, PrimitiveType primitiveType) {
    String v = primitiveType.asStringValue();
    if (!Utilities.noString(v) && displayHints.containsKey("default") && v.equals(displayHints.get("default")))
      return true;
    return false;
  }

  private boolean exemptFromRendering(ElementDefinition child) {
    if (child == null)
      return false;
    if ("Composition.subject".equals(child.getPath()))
      return true;
    if ("Composition.section".equals(child.getPath()))
      return true;
    return false;
  }

  private boolean renderAsList(ElementDefinition child) {
    if (child.getType().size() == 1) {
      String t = child.getType().get(0).getCode();
      if (t.equals("Address") || t.equals("Reference"))
        return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  private void addColumnHeadings(XhtmlNode tr, List<ElementDefinition> grandChildren) {
    for (ElementDefinition e : grandChildren)
      tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText(Utilities.capitalize(tail(e.getPath())));
  }

  private void addColumnValues(ResourceWrapper res, XhtmlNode tr, List<ElementDefinition> grandChildren, BaseWrapper v,
      boolean showCodeDetails, Map<String, String> displayHints)
      throws FHIRException, UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException {
    for (ElementDefinition e : grandChildren) {
      PropertyWrapper p = v.getChildByName(e.getPath().substring(e.getPath().lastIndexOf(".") + 1));
      if (p == null || p.getValues().size() == 0 || p.getValues().get(0) == null)
        tr.addTag("td").addText(" ");
      else
        renderLeaf(res, p.getValues().get(0), e, tr.addTag("td"), false, showCodeDetails, displayHints);
    }
  }

  private String tail(String path) {
    return path.substring(path.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
  }

  private boolean canDoTable(String path, PropertyWrapper p, List<ElementDefinition> grandChildren) {
    for (ElementDefinition e : grandChildren) {
      List<PropertyWrapper> values = getValues(path, p, e);
      if (values.size() > 1 || !isPrimitive(e) || !canCollapse(e))
        return false;
    }
    return true;
  }

  private List<PropertyWrapper> getValues(String path, PropertyWrapper p, ElementDefinition e) {
    List<PropertyWrapper> res = new ArrayList<PropertyWrapper>();
    for (BaseWrapper v : p.getValues()) {
      for (PropertyWrapper g : v.children()) {
        if ((path + "." + p.getName() + "." + g.getName()).equals(e.getPath()))
          res.add(p);
      }
    }
    return res;
  }

  private boolean canCollapse(ElementDefinition e) {
    // we can collapse any data type
    return !e.getType().isEmpty();
  }

  private boolean isPrimitive(ElementDefinition e) {
    // we can tell if e is a primitive because it has types
    if (e.getType().isEmpty())
      return false;
    if (e.getType().size() == 1 && isBase(e.getType().get(0).getCode()))
      return false;
    return true;
//    return !e.getType().isEmpty()
  }

  private boolean isBase(String code) {
    return code.equals("Element") || code.equals("BackboneElement");
  }

  private ElementDefinition getElementDefinition(List<ElementDefinition> elements, String path, PropertyWrapper p) {
    for (ElementDefinition element : elements)
      if (element.getPath().equals(path))
        return element;
    if (path.endsWith("\"]") && p.getStructure() != null)
      return p.getStructure().getSnapshot().getElement().get(0);
    return null;
  }

  private void renderLeaf(ResourceWrapper res, BaseWrapper ew, ElementDefinition defn, XhtmlNode x, boolean title,
      boolean showCodeDetails, Map<String, String> displayHints)
      throws FHIRException, UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException {
    if (ew == null)
      return;

    Base e = ew.getBase();

    if (e instanceof StringType)
      x.addText(((StringType) e).getValue());
    else if (e instanceof CodeType)
      x.addText(((CodeType) e).getValue());
    else if (e instanceof IdType)
      x.addText(((IdType) e).getValue());
    else if (e instanceof Extension)
      x.addText("Extensions: Todo");
    else if (e instanceof InstantType)
      x.addText(((InstantType) e).toHumanDisplay());
    else if (e instanceof DateTimeType)
      x.addText(((DateTimeType) e).toHumanDisplay());
    else if (e instanceof Base64BinaryType)
      x.addText(new Base64().encodeAsString(((Base64BinaryType) e).getValue()));
    else if (e instanceof org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.DateType)
      x.addText(((org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.DateType) e).toHumanDisplay());
    else if (e instanceof Enumeration) {
      Object ev = ((Enumeration<?>) e).getValue();
      x.addText(ev == null ? "" : ev.toString()); // todo: look up a display name if there is one
    } else if (e instanceof BooleanType)
      x.addText(((BooleanType) e).getValue().toString());
    else if (e instanceof CodeableConcept) {
      renderCodeableConcept((CodeableConcept) e, x, showCodeDetails);
    } else if (e instanceof Coding) {
      renderCoding((Coding) e, x, showCodeDetails);
    } else if (e instanceof Annotation) {
      renderAnnotation((Annotation) e, x);
    } else if (e instanceof Identifier) {
      renderIdentifier((Identifier) e, x);
    } else if (e instanceof org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.IntegerType) {
      x.addText(Integer.toString(((org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.IntegerType) e).getValue()));
    } else if (e instanceof org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.DecimalType) {
      x.addText(((org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.DecimalType) e).getValue().toString());
    } else if (e instanceof HumanName) {
      renderHumanName((HumanName) e, x);
    } else if (e instanceof SampledData) {
      renderSampledData((SampledData) e, x);
    } else if (e instanceof Address) {
      renderAddress((Address) e, x);
    } else if (e instanceof ContactPoint) {
      renderContactPoint((ContactPoint) e, x);
    } else if (e instanceof UriType) {
      renderUri((UriType) e, x);
    } else if (e instanceof Timing) {
      renderTiming((Timing) e, x);
    } else if (e instanceof Range) {
      renderRange((Range) e, x);
    } else if (e instanceof Quantity) {
      renderQuantity((Quantity) e, x, showCodeDetails);
    } else if (e instanceof Ratio) {
      renderQuantity(((Ratio) e).getNumerator(), x, showCodeDetails);
      x.addText("/");
      renderQuantity(((Ratio) e).getDenominator(), x, showCodeDetails);
    } else if (e instanceof Period) {
      Period p = (Period) e;
      x.addText(!p.hasStart() ? "??" : p.getStartElement().toHumanDisplay());
      x.addText(" --> ");
      x.addText(!p.hasEnd() ? "(ongoing)" : p.getEndElement().toHumanDisplay());
    } else if (e instanceof Reference) {
      Reference r = (Reference) e;
      XhtmlNode c = x;
      ResourceWithReference tr = null;
      if (r.hasReferenceElement()) {
        tr = resolveReference(res, r.getReference());
        if (!r.getReference().startsWith("#")) {
          if (tr != null && tr.getReference() != null)
            c = x.addTag("a").attribute("href", tr.getReference());
          else
            c = x.addTag("a").attribute("href", r.getReference());
        }
      }
      // what to display: if text is provided, then that. if the reference was
      // resolved, then show the generated narrative
      if (r.hasDisplayElement()) {
        c.addText(r.getDisplay());
        if (tr != null) {
          c.addText(". Generated Summary: ");
          generateResourceSummary(c, tr.getResource(), true, r.getReference().startsWith("#"));
        }
      } else if (tr != null) {
        generateResourceSummary(c, tr.getResource(), r.getReference().startsWith("#"),
            r.getReference().startsWith("#"));
      } else {
        c.addText(r.getReference());
      }
    } else if (e instanceof Resource) {
      return;
    } else if (e instanceof ElementDefinition) {
      x.addText("todo-bundle");
    } else if (e != null && !(e instanceof Attachment) && !(e instanceof Narrative) && !(e instanceof Meta))
      throw new NotImplementedException("type " + e.getClass().getName() + " not handled yet");
  }

  private boolean displayLeaf(ResourceWrapper res, BaseWrapper ew, ElementDefinition defn, XhtmlNode x, String name,
      boolean showCodeDetails) throws FHIRException, UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException {
    if (ew == null)
      return false;
    Base e = ew.getBase();
    Map<String, String> displayHints = readDisplayHints(defn);

    if (name.endsWith("[x]"))
      name = name.substring(0, name.length() - 3);

    if (!showCodeDetails && e instanceof PrimitiveType && isDefault(displayHints, ((PrimitiveType) e)))
      return false;

    if (e instanceof StringType) {
      x.addText(name + ": " + ((StringType) e).getValue());
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof CodeType) {
      x.addText(name + ": " + ((CodeType) e).getValue());
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof IdType) {
      x.addText(name + ": " + ((IdType) e).getValue());
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof DateTimeType) {
      x.addText(name + ": " + ((DateTimeType) e).toHumanDisplay());
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof InstantType) {
      x.addText(name + ": " + ((InstantType) e).toHumanDisplay());
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof Extension) {
      x.addText("Extensions: todo");
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.DateType) {
      x.addText(name + ": " + ((org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.DateType) e).toHumanDisplay());
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof Enumeration) {
      x.addText(((Enumeration<?>) e).getValue().toString()); // todo: look up a display name if there is one
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof BooleanType) {
      if (((BooleanType) e).getValue()) {
        x.addText(name);
        return true;
      }
    } else if (e instanceof CodeableConcept) {
      renderCodeableConcept((CodeableConcept) e, x, showCodeDetails);
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof Coding) {
      renderCoding((Coding) e, x, showCodeDetails);
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof Annotation) {
      renderAnnotation((Annotation) e, x, showCodeDetails);
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.IntegerType) {
      x.addText(Integer.toString(((org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.IntegerType) e).getValue()));
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.DecimalType) {
      x.addText(((org.hl7.fhir.dstu2.model.DecimalType) e).getValue().toString());
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof Identifier) {
      renderIdentifier((Identifier) e, x);
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof HumanName) {
      renderHumanName((HumanName) e, x);
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof SampledData) {
      renderSampledData((SampledData) e, x);
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof Address) {
      renderAddress((Address) e, x);
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof ContactPoint) {
      renderContactPoint((ContactPoint) e, x);
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof Timing) {
      renderTiming((Timing) e, x);
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof Quantity) {
      renderQuantity((Quantity) e, x, showCodeDetails);
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof Ratio) {
      renderQuantity(((Ratio) e).getNumerator(), x, showCodeDetails);
      x.addText("/");
      renderQuantity(((Ratio) e).getDenominator(), x, showCodeDetails);
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof Period) {
      Period p = (Period) e;
      x.addText(name + ": ");
      x.addText(!p.hasStart() ? "??" : p.getStartElement().toHumanDisplay());
      x.addText(" --> ");
      x.addText(!p.hasEnd() ? "(ongoing)" : p.getEndElement().toHumanDisplay());
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof Reference) {
      Reference r = (Reference) e;
      if (r.hasDisplayElement())
        x.addText(r.getDisplay());
      else if (r.hasReferenceElement()) {
        ResourceWithReference tr = resolveReference(res, r.getReference());
        x.addText(tr == null ? r.getReference() : "????"); // getDisplayForReference(tr.getReference()));
      } else
        x.addText("??");
      return true;
    } else if (e instanceof Narrative) {
      return false;
    } else if (e instanceof Resource) {
      return false;
    } else if (!(e instanceof Attachment))
      throw new NotImplementedException("type " + e.getClass().getName() + " not handled yet");
    return false;
  }

  private Map<String, String> readDisplayHints(ElementDefinition defn) throws DefinitionException {
    Map<String, String> hints = new HashMap<String, String>();
    if (defn != null) {
      String displayHint = ToolingExtensions.getDisplayHint(defn);
      if (!Utilities.noString(displayHint)) {
        String[] list = displayHint.split(";");
        for (String item : list) {
          String[] parts = item.split(":");
          if (parts.length != 2)
            throw new DefinitionException("error reading display hint: '" + displayHint + "'");
          hints.put(parts[0].trim(), parts[1].trim());
        }
      }
    }
    return hints;
  }

  public static String displayPeriod(Period p) {
    String s = !p.hasStart() ? "??" : p.getStartElement().toHumanDisplay();
    s = s + " --> ";
    return s + (!p.hasEnd() ? "(ongoing)" : p.getEndElement().toHumanDisplay());
  }

  private void generateResourceSummary(XhtmlNode x, ResourceWrapper res, boolean textAlready, boolean showCodeDetails)
      throws FHIRException, UnsupportedEncodingException, IOException {
    if (!textAlready) {
      XhtmlNode div = res.getNarrative();
      if (div != null) {
        if (div.allChildrenAreText())
          x.addChildNodes(div.getChildNodes());
        if (div.getChildNodes().size() == 1 && div.getChildNodes().get(0).allChildrenAreText())
          x.addChildNodes(div.getChildNodes().get(0).getChildNodes());
      }
      x.addText("Generated Summary: ");
    }
    String path = res.getName();
    StructureDefinition profile = context.fetchResource(StructureDefinition.class, path);
    if (profile == null)
      x.addText("unknown resource " + path);
    else {
      boolean firstElement = true;
      boolean last = false;
      for (PropertyWrapper p : res.children()) {
        ElementDefinition child = getElementDefinition(profile.getSnapshot().getElement(), path + "." + p.getName(), p);
        if (p.getValues().size() > 0 && p.getValues().get(0) != null && child != null && isPrimitive(child)
            && includeInSummary(child)) {
          if (firstElement)
            firstElement = false;
          else if (last)
            x.addText("; ");
          boolean first = true;
          last = false;
          for (BaseWrapper v : p.getValues()) {
            if (first)
              first = false;
            else if (last)
              x.addText(", ");
            last = displayLeaf(res, v, child, x, p.getName(), showCodeDetails) || last;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  private boolean includeInSummary(ElementDefinition child) {
    if (child.getIsModifier())
      return true;
    if (child.getMustSupport())
      return true;
    if (child.getType().size() == 1) {
      String t = child.getType().get(0).getCode();
      if (t.equals("Address") || t.equals("Contact") || t.equals("Reference") || t.equals("Uri"))
        return false;
    }
    return true;
  }

  private ResourceWithReference resolveReference(ResourceWrapper res, String url) {
    if (url == null)
      return null;
    if (url.startsWith("#")) {
      for (ResourceWrapper r : res.getContained()) {
        if (r.getId().equals(url.substring(1)))
          return new ResourceWithReference(null, r);
      }
      return null;
    }

    Resource ae = context.fetchResource(null, url);
    if (ae == null)
      return null;
    else
      return new ResourceWithReference(url, new ResourceWrapperDirect(ae));
  }

  private void renderCodeableConcept(CodeableConcept cc, XhtmlNode x, boolean showCodeDetails) {
    String s = cc.getText();
    if (Utilities.noString(s)) {
      for (Coding c : cc.getCoding()) {
        if (c.hasDisplayElement()) {
          s = c.getDisplay();
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    if (Utilities.noString(s)) {
      // still? ok, let's try looking it up
      for (Coding c : cc.getCoding()) {
        if (c.hasCodeElement() && c.hasSystemElement()) {
          s = lookupCode(c.getSystem(), c.getCode());
          if (!Utilities.noString(s))
            break;
        }
      }
    }

    if (Utilities.noString(s)) {
      if (cc.getCoding().isEmpty())
        s = "";
      else
        s = cc.getCoding().get(0).getCode();
    }

    if (showCodeDetails) {
      x.addText(s + " ");
      XhtmlNode sp = x.addTag("span");
      sp.setAttribute("style", "background: LightGoldenRodYellow ");
      sp.addText("(Details ");
      boolean first = true;
      for (Coding c : cc.getCoding()) {
        if (first) {
          sp.addText(": ");
          first = false;
        } else
          sp.addText("; ");
        sp.addText("{" + describeSystem(c.getSystem()) + " code '" + c.getCode() + "' = '"
            + lookupCode(c.getSystem(), c.getCode()) + (c.hasDisplay() ? "', given as '" + c.getDisplay() + "'}" : ""));
      }
      sp.addText(")");
    } else {

      CommaSeparatedStringBuilder b = new CommaSeparatedStringBuilder();
      for (Coding c : cc.getCoding()) {
        if (c.hasCodeElement() && c.hasSystemElement()) {
          b.append("{" + c.getSystem() + " " + c.getCode() + "}");
        }
      }

      x.addTag("span").setAttribute("title", "Codes: " + b.toString()).addText(s);
    }
  }

  private void renderAnnotation(Annotation a, XhtmlNode x, boolean showCodeDetails) throws FHIRException {
    StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
    if (a.hasAuthor()) {
      s.append("Author: ");

      if (a.hasAuthorReference())
        s.append(a.getAuthorReference().getReference());
      else if (a.hasAuthorStringType())
        s.append(a.getAuthorStringType().getValue());
    }

    if (a.hasTimeElement()) {
      if (s.length() > 0)
        s.append("; ");

      s.append("Made: ").append(a.getTimeElement().toHumanDisplay());
    }

    if (a.hasText()) {
      if (s.length() > 0)
        s.append("; ");

      s.append("Annotation: ").append(a.getText());
    }

    x.addText(s.toString());
  }

  private void renderCoding(Coding c, XhtmlNode x, boolean showCodeDetails) {
    String s = "";
    if (c.hasDisplayElement())
      s = c.getDisplay();
    if (Utilities.noString(s))
      s = lookupCode(c.getSystem(), c.getCode());

    if (Utilities.noString(s))
      s = c.getCode();

    if (showCodeDetails) {
      x.addText(s + " (Details: " + describeSystem(c.getSystem()) + " code " + c.getCode() + " = '"
          + lookupCode(c.getSystem(), c.getCode()) + "', stated as '" + c.getDisplay() + "')");
    } else
      x.addTag("span").setAttribute("title", "{" + c.getSystem() + " " + c.getCode() + "}").addText(s);
  }

  private String describeSystem(String system) {
    if (system == null)
      return "[not stated]";
    if (system.equals("http://loinc.org"))
      return "LOINC";
    if (system.startsWith("http://snomed.info"))
      return "SNOMED CT";
    if (system.equals("http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm"))
      return "RxNorm";
    if (system.equals("http://hl7.org/fhir/sid/icd-9"))
      return "ICD-9";

    return system;
  }

  private String lookupCode(String system, String code) {
    ValidationResult t = context.validateCode(system, code, null);

    if (t != null && t.getDisplay() != null)
      return t.getDisplay();
    else
      return code;

  }

  private ConceptDefinitionComponent findCode(String code, List<ConceptDefinitionComponent> list) {
    for (ConceptDefinitionComponent t : list) {
      if (code.equals(t.getCode()))
        return t;
      ConceptDefinitionComponent c = findCode(code, t.getConcept());
      if (c != null)
        return c;
    }
    return null;
  }

  private String displayCodeableConcept(CodeableConcept cc) {
    String s = cc.getText();
    if (Utilities.noString(s)) {
      for (Coding c : cc.getCoding()) {
        if (c.hasDisplayElement()) {
          s = c.getDisplay();
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    if (Utilities.noString(s)) {
      // still? ok, let's try looking it up
      for (Coding c : cc.getCoding()) {
        if (c.hasCode() && c.hasSystem()) {
          s = lookupCode(c.getSystem(), c.getCode());
          if (!Utilities.noString(s))
            break;
        }
      }
    }

    if (Utilities.noString(s)) {
      if (cc.getCoding().isEmpty())
        s = "";
      else
        s = cc.getCoding().get(0).getCode();
    }
    return s;
  }

  private void renderIdentifier(Identifier ii, XhtmlNode x) {
    x.addText(displayIdentifier(ii));
  }

  private void renderTiming(Timing s, XhtmlNode x) throws FHIRException {
    x.addText(displayTiming(s));
  }

  private void renderQuantity(Quantity q, XhtmlNode x, boolean showCodeDetails) {
    if (q.hasComparator())
      x.addText(q.getComparator().toCode());
    x.addText(q.getValue().toString());
    if (q.hasUnit())
      x.addText(" " + q.getUnit());
    else if (q.hasCode())
      x.addText(" " + q.getCode());
    if (showCodeDetails && q.hasCode()) {
      XhtmlNode sp = x.addTag("span");
      sp.setAttribute("style", "background: LightGoldenRodYellow ");
      sp.addText(" (Details: " + describeSystem(q.getSystem()) + " code " + q.getCode() + " = '"
          + lookupCode(q.getSystem(), q.getCode()) + "')");
    }
  }

  private void renderRange(Range q, XhtmlNode x) {
    if (q.hasLow())
      x.addText(q.getLow().getValue().toString());
    else
      x.addText("?");
    x.addText("-");
    if (q.hasHigh())
      x.addText(q.getHigh().getValue().toString());
    else
      x.addText("?");
    if (q.getLow().hasUnit())
      x.addText(" " + q.getLow().getUnit());
  }

  private void renderHumanName(HumanName name, XhtmlNode x) {
    x.addText(displayHumanName(name));
  }

  private void renderAnnotation(Annotation annot, XhtmlNode x) {
    x.addText(annot.getText());
  }

  private void renderAddress(Address address, XhtmlNode x) {
    x.addText(displayAddress(address));
  }

  private void renderContactPoint(ContactPoint contact, XhtmlNode x) {
    x.addText(displayContactPoint(contact));
  }

  private void renderUri(UriType uri, XhtmlNode x) {
    x.addTag("a").setAttribute("href", uri.getValue()).addText(uri.getValue());
  }

  private void renderSampledData(SampledData sampledData, XhtmlNode x) {
    x.addText(displaySampledData(sampledData));
  }

  private String displaySampledData(SampledData s) {
    CommaSeparatedStringBuilder b = new CommaSeparatedStringBuilder();
    if (s.hasOrigin())
      b.append("Origin: " + displayQuantity(s.getOrigin()));

    if (s.hasPeriod())
      b.append("Period: " + s.getPeriod().toString());

    if (s.hasFactor())
      b.append("Factor: " + s.getFactor().toString());

    if (s.hasLowerLimit())
      b.append("Lower: " + s.getLowerLimit().toString());

    if (s.hasUpperLimit())
      b.append("Upper: " + s.getUpperLimit().toString());

    if (s.hasDimensions())
      b.append("Dimensions: " + s.getDimensions());

    if (s.hasData())
      b.append("Data: " + s.getData());

    return b.toString();
  }

  private String displayQuantity(Quantity q) {
    StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();

    s.append("(system = '").append(describeSystem(q.getSystem())).append("' code ").append(q.getCode()).append(" = '")
        .append(lookupCode(q.getSystem(), q.getCode())).append("')");

    return s.toString();
  }

  private String displayTiming(Timing s) throws FHIRException {
    CommaSeparatedStringBuilder b = new CommaSeparatedStringBuilder();
    if (s.hasCode())
      b.append("Code: " + displayCodeableConcept(s.getCode()));

    if (s.getEvent().size() > 0) {
      CommaSeparatedStringBuilder c = new CommaSeparatedStringBuilder();
      for (DateTimeType p : s.getEvent()) {
        c.append(p.toHumanDisplay());
      }
      b.append("Events: " + c.toString());
    }

    if (s.hasRepeat()) {
      TimingRepeatComponent rep = s.getRepeat();
      if (rep.hasBoundsPeriod() && rep.getBoundsPeriod().hasStart())
        b.append("Starting " + rep.getBoundsPeriod().getStartElement().toHumanDisplay());
      if (rep.hasCount())
        b.append("Count " + Integer.toString(rep.getCount()) + " times");
      if (rep.hasDuration())
        b.append("Duration " + rep.getDuration().toPlainString() + displayTimeUnits(rep.getPeriodUnits()));

      if (rep.hasWhen()) {
        String st = "";
        if (rep.hasPeriod()) {
          st = rep.getPeriod().toPlainString();
          if (rep.hasPeriodMax())
            st = st + "-" + rep.getPeriodMax().toPlainString();
          st = st + displayTimeUnits(rep.getPeriodUnits());
        }
        b.append("Do " + st + displayEventCode(rep.getWhen()));
      } else {
        String st = "";
        if (!rep.hasFrequency() || (!rep.hasFrequencyMax() && rep.getFrequency() == 1))
          st = "Once";
        else {
          st = Integer.toString(rep.getFrequency());
          if (rep.hasFrequencyMax())
            st = st + "-" + Integer.toString(rep.getFrequency());
        }
        if (rep.hasPeriod()) {
          st = st + " per " + rep.getPeriod().toPlainString();
          if (rep.hasPeriodMax())
            st = st + "-" + rep.getPeriodMax().toPlainString();
          st = st + " " + displayTimeUnits(rep.getPeriodUnits());
        }
        b.append("Do " + st);
      }
      if (rep.hasBoundsPeriod() && rep.getBoundsPeriod().hasEnd())
        b.append("Until " + rep.getBoundsPeriod().getEndElement().toHumanDisplay());
    }
    return b.toString();
  }

  private Object displayEventCode(EventTiming when) {
    switch (when) {
    case C:
      return "at meals";
    case CD:
      return "at lunch";
    case CM:
      return "at breakfast";
    case CV:
      return "at dinner";
    case AC:
      return "before meals";
    case ACD:
      return "before lunch";
    case ACM:
      return "before breakfast";
    case ACV:
      return "before dinner";
    case HS:
      return "before sleeping";
    case PC:
      return "after meals";
    case PCD:
      return "after lunch";
    case PCM:
      return "after breakfast";
    case PCV:
      return "after dinner";
    case WAKE:
      return "after waking";
    default:
      return "??";
    }
  }

  private String displayTimeUnits(UnitsOfTime units) {
    if (units == null)
      return "??";
    switch (units) {
    case A:
      return "years";
    case D:
      return "days";
    case H:
      return "hours";
    case MIN:
      return "minutes";
    case MO:
      return "months";
    case S:
      return "seconds";
    case WK:
      return "weeks";
    default:
      return "??";
    }
  }

  public static String displayHumanName(HumanName name) {
    StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
    if (name.hasText())
      s.append(name.getText());
    else {
      for (StringType p : name.getGiven()) {
        s.append(p.getValue());
        s.append(" ");
      }
      for (StringType p : name.getFamily()) {
        s.append(p.getValue());
        s.append(" ");
      }
    }
    if (name.hasUse() && name.getUse() != NameUse.USUAL)
      s.append("(" + name.getUse().toString() + ")");
    return s.toString();
  }

  private String displayAddress(Address address) {
    StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
    if (address.hasText())
      s.append(address.getText());
    else {
      for (StringType p : address.getLine()) {
        s.append(p.getValue());
        s.append(" ");
      }
      if (address.hasCity()) {
        s.append(address.getCity());
        s.append(" ");
      }
      if (address.hasState()) {
        s.append(address.getState());
        s.append(" ");
      }

      if (address.hasPostalCode()) {
        s.append(address.getPostalCode());
        s.append(" ");
      }

      if (address.hasCountry()) {
        s.append(address.getCountry());
        s.append(" ");
      }
    }
    if (address.hasUse())
      s.append("(" + address.getUse().toString() + ")");
    return s.toString();
  }

  public static String displayContactPoint(ContactPoint contact) {
    StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
    s.append(describeSystem(contact.getSystem()));
    if (Utilities.noString(contact.getValue()))
      s.append("-unknown-");
    else
      s.append(contact.getValue());
    if (contact.hasUse())
      s.append("(" + contact.getUse().toString() + ")");
    return s.toString();
  }

  private static String describeSystem(ContactPointSystem system) {
    if (system == null)
      return "";
    switch (system) {
    case PHONE:
      return "ph: ";
    case FAX:
      return "fax: ";
    default:
      return "";
    }
  }

  private String displayIdentifier(Identifier ii) {
    String s = Utilities.noString(ii.getValue()) ? "??" : ii.getValue();

    if (ii.hasType()) {
      if (ii.getType().hasText())
        s = ii.getType().getText() + " = " + s;
      else if (ii.getType().hasCoding() && ii.getType().getCoding().get(0).hasDisplay())
        s = ii.getType().getCoding().get(0).getDisplay() + " = " + s;
      else if (ii.getType().hasCoding() && ii.getType().getCoding().get(0).hasCode())
        s = lookupCode(ii.getType().getCoding().get(0).getSystem(), ii.getType().getCoding().get(0).getCode()) + " = "
            + s;
    }

    if (ii.hasUse())
      s = s + " (" + ii.getUse().toString() + ")";
    return s;
  }

  private List<ElementDefinition> getChildrenForPath(List<ElementDefinition> elements, String path)
      throws DefinitionException {
    // do we need to do a name reference substitution?
    for (ElementDefinition e : elements) {
      if (e.getPath().equals(path) && e.hasNameReference()) {
        String name = e.getNameReference();
        ElementDefinition t = null;
        // now, resolve the name
        for (ElementDefinition e1 : elements) {
          if (name.equals(e1.getName()))
            t = e1;
        }
        if (t == null)
          throw new DefinitionException("Unable to resolve name reference " + name + " trying to resolve " + path);
        path = t.getPath();
        break;
      }
    }

    List<ElementDefinition> results = new ArrayList<ElementDefinition>();
    for (ElementDefinition e : elements) {
      if (e.getPath().startsWith(path + ".") && !e.getPath().substring(path.length() + 1).contains("."))
        results.add(e);
    }
    return results;
  }

  public void generate(ConceptMap cm) {
    XhtmlNode x = new XhtmlNode(NodeType.Element, "div");
    x.addTag("h2").addText(cm.getName() + " (" + cm.getUrl() + ")");

    XhtmlNode p = x.addTag("p");
    p.addText("Mapping from ");
    AddVsRef(((Reference) cm.getSource()).getReference(), p);
    p.addText(" to ");
    AddVsRef(((Reference) cm.getTarget()).getReference(), p);

    p = x.addTag("p");
    if (cm.getExperimental())
      p.addText(Utilities.capitalize(cm.getStatus().toString()) + " (not intended for production usage). ");
    else
      p.addText(Utilities.capitalize(cm.getStatus().toString()) + ". ");
    p.addText("Published on " + cm.getDateElement().toHumanDisplay() + " by " + cm.getPublisher());
    if (!cm.getContact().isEmpty()) {
      p.addText(" (");
      boolean firsti = true;
      for (ConceptMapContactComponent ci : cm.getContact()) {
        if (firsti)
          firsti = false;
        else
          p.addText(", ");
        if (ci.hasName())
          p.addText(ci.getName() + ": ");
        boolean first = true;
        for (ContactPoint c : ci.getTelecom()) {
          if (first)
            first = false;
          else
            p.addText(", ");
          addTelecom(p, c);
        }
        p.addText("; ");
      }
      p.addText(")");
    }
    p.addText(". ");
    p.addText(cm.getCopyright());
    if (!Utilities.noString(cm.getDescription()))
      x.addTag("p").addText(cm.getDescription());

    x.addTag("br");

    if (!cm.getElement().isEmpty()) {
      SourceElementComponent cc = cm.getElement().get(0);
      String src = cc.getCodeSystem();
      boolean comments = false;
      boolean ok = cc.getTarget().size() == 1;
      Map<String, HashSet<String>> sources = new HashMap<String, HashSet<String>>();
      sources.put("code", new HashSet<String>());
      Map<String, HashSet<String>> targets = new HashMap<String, HashSet<String>>();
      targets.put("code", new HashSet<String>());
      if (ok) {
        String dst = cc.getTarget().get(0).getCodeSystem();
        for (SourceElementComponent ccl : cm.getElement()) {
          ok = ok && src.equals(ccl.getCodeSystem()) && ccl.getTarget().size() == 1
              && dst.equals(ccl.getTarget().get(0).getCodeSystem()) && ccl.getTarget().get(0).getDependsOn().isEmpty()
              && ccl.getTarget().get(0).getProduct().isEmpty();
          if (ccl.hasCodeSystem())
            sources.get("code").add(ccl.getCodeSystem());
          for (TargetElementComponent ccm : ccl.getTarget()) {
            comments = comments || !Utilities.noString(ccm.getComments());
            for (OtherElementComponent d : ccm.getDependsOn()) {
              if (!sources.containsKey(d.getElement()))
                sources.put(d.getElement(), new HashSet<String>());
              sources.get(d.getElement()).add(d.getCodeSystem());
            }
            if (ccm.hasCodeSystem())
              targets.get("code").add(ccm.getCodeSystem());
            for (OtherElementComponent d : ccm.getProduct()) {
              if (!targets.containsKey(d.getElement()))
                targets.put(d.getElement(), new HashSet<String>());
              targets.get(d.getElement()).add(d.getCodeSystem());
            }

          }
        }
      }

      String display;
      if (ok) {
        // simple
        XhtmlNode tbl = x.addTag("table").setAttribute("class", "grid");
        XhtmlNode tr = tbl.addTag("tr");
        tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Source Code");
        tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Equivalence");
        tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Destination Code");
        if (comments)
          tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Comments");
        for (SourceElementComponent ccl : cm.getElement()) {
          tr = tbl.addTag("tr");
          XhtmlNode td = tr.addTag("td");
          td.addText(ccl.getCode());
          display = getDisplayForConcept(ccl.getCodeSystem(), ccl.getCode());
          if (display != null)
            td.addText(" (" + display + ")");
          TargetElementComponent ccm = ccl.getTarget().get(0);
          tr.addTag("td").addText(!ccm.hasEquivalence() ? "" : ccm.getEquivalence().toCode());
          td = tr.addTag("td");
          td.addText(ccm.getCode());
          display = getDisplayForConcept(ccm.getCodeSystem(), ccm.getCode());
          if (display != null)
            td.addText(" (" + display + ")");
          if (comments)
            tr.addTag("td").addText(ccm.getComments());
        }
      } else {
        XhtmlNode tbl = x.addTag("table").setAttribute("class", "grid");
        XhtmlNode tr = tbl.addTag("tr");
        XhtmlNode td;
        tr.addTag("td").setAttribute("colspan", Integer.toString(sources.size())).addTag("b").addText("Source Concept");
        tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Equivalence");
        tr.addTag("td").setAttribute("colspan", Integer.toString(targets.size())).addTag("b")
            .addText("Destination Concept");
        if (comments)
          tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Comments");
        tr = tbl.addTag("tr");
        if (sources.get("code").size() == 1)
          tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Code " + sources.get("code").toString() + "");
        else
          tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Code");
        for (String s : sources.keySet()) {
          if (!s.equals("code")) {
            if (sources.get(s).size() == 1)
              tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText(getDescForConcept(s) + " " + sources.get(s).toString());
            else
              tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText(getDescForConcept(s));
          }
        }
        tr.addTag("td");
        if (targets.get("code").size() == 1)
          tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Code " + targets.get("code").toString());
        else
          tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Code");
        for (String s : targets.keySet()) {
          if (!s.equals("code")) {
            if (targets.get(s).size() == 1)
              tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText(getDescForConcept(s) + " " + targets.get(s).toString() + "");
            else
              tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText(getDescForConcept(s));
          }
        }
        if (comments)
          tr.addTag("td");

        for (SourceElementComponent ccl : cm.getElement()) {
          tr = tbl.addTag("tr");
          td = tr.addTag("td");
          if (sources.get("code").size() == 1)
            td.addText(ccl.getCode());
          else
            td.addText(ccl.getCodeSystem() + " / " + ccl.getCode());
          display = getDisplayForConcept(ccl.getCodeSystem(), ccl.getCode());
          if (display != null)
            td.addText(" (" + display + ")");

          TargetElementComponent ccm = ccl.getTarget().get(0);
          for (String s : sources.keySet()) {
            if (!s.equals("code")) {
              td = tr.addTag("td");
              td.addText(getCode(ccm.getDependsOn(), s, sources.get(s).size() != 1));
              display = getDisplay(ccm.getDependsOn(), s);
              if (display != null)
                td.addText(" (" + display + ")");
            }
          }
          tr.addTag("td").addText(ccm.getEquivalence().toString());
          td = tr.addTag("td");
          if (targets.get("code").size() == 1)
            td.addText(ccm.getCode());
          else
            td.addText(ccm.getCodeSystem() + " / " + ccm.getCode());
          display = getDisplayForConcept(ccm.getCodeSystem(), ccm.getCode());
          if (display != null)
            td.addText(" (" + display + ")");

          for (String s : targets.keySet()) {
            if (!s.equals("code")) {
              td = tr.addTag("td");
              td.addText(getCode(ccm.getProduct(), s, targets.get(s).size() != 1));
              display = getDisplay(ccm.getProduct(), s);
              if (display != null)
                td.addText(" (" + display + ")");
            }
          }
          if (comments)
            tr.addTag("td").addText(ccm.getComments());
        }
      }
    }

    inject(cm, x, NarrativeStatus.GENERATED);
  }

  private void inject(DomainResource r, XhtmlNode x, NarrativeStatus status) {
    if (!r.hasText() || !r.getText().hasDiv() || r.getText().getDiv().getChildNodes().isEmpty()) {
      r.setText(new Narrative());
      r.getText().setDiv(x);
      r.getText().setStatus(status);
    } else {
      XhtmlNode n = r.getText().getDiv();
      n.addTag("hr");
      n.addChildNodes(x.getChildNodes());
    }
  }

  public Element getNarrative(Element er) {
    Element txt = XMLUtil.getNamedChild(er, "text");
    if (txt == null)
      return null;
    return XMLUtil.getNamedChild(txt, "div");
  }

  private void inject(Element er, XhtmlNode x, NarrativeStatus status) {
    Element txt = XMLUtil.getNamedChild(er, "text");
    if (txt == null) {
      txt = er.getOwnerDocument().createElementNS(FormatUtilities.FHIR_NS, "text");
      Element n = XMLUtil.getFirstChild(er);
      while (n != null && (n.getNodeName().equals("id") || n.getNodeName().equals("meta")
          || n.getNodeName().equals("implicitRules") || n.getNodeName().equals("language")))
        n = XMLUtil.getNextSibling(n);
      if (n == null)
        er.appendChild(txt);
      else
        er.insertBefore(txt, n);
    }
    Element st = XMLUtil.getNamedChild(txt, "status");
    if (st == null) {
      st = er.getOwnerDocument().createElementNS(FormatUtilities.FHIR_NS, "status");
      Element n = XMLUtil.getFirstChild(txt);
      if (n == null)
        txt.appendChild(st);
      else
        txt.insertBefore(st, n);
    }
    st.setAttribute("value", status.toCode());
    Element div = XMLUtil.getNamedChild(txt, "div");
    if (div == null) {
      div = er.getOwnerDocument().createElementNS(FormatUtilities.XHTML_NS, "div");
      div.setAttribute("xmlns", FormatUtilities.XHTML_NS);
      txt.appendChild(div);
    }
    if (div.hasChildNodes())
      div.appendChild(er.getOwnerDocument().createElementNS(FormatUtilities.XHTML_NS, "hr"));
    new XhtmlComposer(true, pretty).compose(div, x);
  }

  private String getDisplay(List<OtherElementComponent> list, String s) {
    for (OtherElementComponent c : list) {
      if (s.equals(c.getElement()))
        return getDisplayForConcept(c.getCodeSystem(), c.getCode());
    }
    return null;
  }

  private String getDisplayForConcept(String system, String code) {
    if (code == null)
      return null;
    ValidationResult cl = context.validateCode(system, code, null);
    return cl == null ? null : cl.getDisplay();
  }

  private String getDescForConcept(String s) {
    if (s.startsWith("http://hl7.org/fhir/v2/element/"))
      return "v2 " + s.substring("http://hl7.org/fhir/v2/element/".length());
    return s;
  }

  private String getCode(List<OtherElementComponent> list, String s, boolean withSystem) {
    for (OtherElementComponent c : list) {
      if (s.equals(c.getElement()))
        if (withSystem)
          return c.getCodeSystem() + " / " + c.getCode();
        else
          return c.getCode();
    }
    return null;
  }

  private void addTelecom(XhtmlNode p, ContactPoint c) {
    if (c.getSystem() == ContactPointSystem.PHONE) {
      p.addText("Phone: " + c.getValue());
    } else if (c.getSystem() == ContactPointSystem.FAX) {
      p.addText("Fax: " + c.getValue());
    } else if (c.getSystem() == ContactPointSystem.EMAIL) {
      p.addTag("a").setAttribute("href", "mailto:" + c.getValue()).addText(c.getValue());
    } else if (c.getSystem() == ContactPointSystem.OTHER) {
      if (c.getValue().length() > 30)
        p.addTag("a").setAttribute("href", c.getValue()).addText(c.getValue().substring(0, 30) + "...");
      else
        p.addTag("a").setAttribute("href", c.getValue()).addText(c.getValue());
    }
  }

  /**
   * This generate is optimised for the FHIR build process itself in as much as it
   * generates hyperlinks in the narrative that are only going to be correct for
   * the purposes of the build. This is to be reviewed in the future.
   *
   * @param vs
   * @param codeSystems
   * @throws Exception
   */
  public void generate(ValueSet vs, boolean header) {
    generate(vs, null, header);
  }

  public void generate(ValueSet vs, ValueSet src, boolean header) {
    XhtmlNode x = new XhtmlNode(NodeType.Element, "div");
    if (vs.hasExpansion()) {
      // for now, we just accept an expansion if there is one
      generateExpansion(x, vs, src, header);
//      if (!vs.hasCodeSystem() && !vs.hasCompose())
//        generateExpansion(x, vs, src, header);
//      else
//        throw new DefinitionException("Error: should not encounter value set expansion at this point");
    }

    boolean hasExtensions = false;
    if (vs.hasCodeSystem())
      hasExtensions = generateDefinition(x, vs, header);
    if (vs.hasCompose())
      hasExtensions = generateComposition(x, vs, header) || hasExtensions;
    inject(vs, x, hasExtensions ? NarrativeStatus.EXTENSIONS : NarrativeStatus.GENERATED);
  }

  private Integer countMembership(ValueSet vs) {
    int count = 0;
    if (vs.hasExpansion())
      count = count + conceptCount(vs.getExpansion().getContains());
    else {
      if (vs.hasCodeSystem())
        count = count + countConcepts(vs.getCodeSystem().getConcept());
      if (vs.hasCompose()) {
        if (vs.getCompose().hasExclude()) {
          try {
            ValueSetExpansionOutcome vse = context.expandVS(vs, true);
            count = 0;
            count += conceptCount(vse.getValueset().getExpansion().getContains());
            return count;
          } catch (Exception e) {
            return null;
          }
        }
        for (ConceptSetComponent inc : vs.getCompose().getInclude()) {
          if (inc.hasFilter())
            return null;
          if (!inc.hasConcept())
            return null;
          count = count + inc.getConcept().size();
        }
      }
    }
    return count;
  }

  private int conceptCount(List<ValueSetExpansionContainsComponent> list) {
    int count = 0;
    for (ValueSetExpansionContainsComponent c : list) {
      if (!c.getAbstract())
        count++;
      count = count + conceptCount(c.getContains());
    }
    return count;
  }

  private int countConcepts(List<ConceptDefinitionComponent> list) {
    int count = list.size();
    for (ConceptDefinitionComponent c : list)
      if (c.hasConcept())
        count = count + countConcepts(c.getConcept());
    return count;
  }

  private boolean generateExpansion(XhtmlNode x, ValueSet vs, ValueSet src, boolean header) {
    boolean hasExtensions = false;
    Map<ConceptMap, String> mymaps = new HashMap<ConceptMap, String>();
    for (ConceptMap a : context.findMapsForSource(vs.getUrl())) {
      String url = "";
      ValueSet vsr = context.fetchResource(ValueSet.class, ((Reference) a.getTarget()).getReference());
      if (vsr != null)
        url = (String) vsr.getUserData("filename");
      mymaps.put(a, url);
    }

    if (header) {
      XhtmlNode h = x.addTag("h3");
      h.addText("Value Set Contents");
      if (IsNotFixedExpansion(vs))
        x.addTag("p").addText(vs.getDescription());
      if (vs.hasCopyright())
        generateCopyright(x, vs);
    }
    if (ToolingExtensions.hasExtension(vs.getExpansion(), "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/valueset-toocostly"))
      x.addTag("p")
          .setAttribute("style", "border: maroon 1px solid; background-color: #FFCCCC; font-weight: bold; padding: 8px")
          .addText(tooCostlyNote);
    else {
      Integer count = countMembership(vs);
      if (count == null)
        x.addTag("p").addText("This value set does not contain a fixed number of concepts");
      else
        x.addTag("p").addText("This value set contains " + count.toString() + " concepts");
    }

    boolean doSystem = checkDoSystem(vs, src);
    if (doSystem && allFromOneSystem(vs)) {
      doSystem = false;
      XhtmlNode p = x.addTag("p");
      p.addText("All codes from system ");
      p.addTag("code").addText(vs.getExpansion().getContains().get(0).getSystem());
    }
    XhtmlNode t = x.addTag("table").setAttribute("class", "codes");
    XhtmlNode tr = t.addTag("tr");
    tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Code");
    if (doSystem)
      tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("System");
    tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Display");

    addMapHeaders(tr, mymaps);
    for (ValueSetExpansionContainsComponent c : vs.getExpansion().getContains()) {
      addExpansionRowToTable(t, c, 0, doSystem, mymaps);
    }
    return hasExtensions;
  }

  private boolean allFromOneSystem(ValueSet vs) {
    if (vs.getExpansion().getContains().isEmpty())
      return false;
    String system = vs.getExpansion().getContains().get(0).getSystem();
    for (ValueSetExpansionContainsComponent cc : vs.getExpansion().getContains()) {
      if (!checkSystemMatches(system, cc))
        return false;
    }
    return true;
  }

  private boolean checkSystemMatches(String system, ValueSetExpansionContainsComponent cc) {
    if (!system.equals(cc.getSystem()))
      return false;
    for (ValueSetExpansionContainsComponent cc1 : cc.getContains()) {
      if (!checkSystemMatches(system, cc1))
        return false;
    }
    return true;
  }

  private boolean checkDoSystem(ValueSet vs, ValueSet src) {
    if (src != null)
      vs = src;
    if (!vs.hasCodeSystem())
      return true;
    if (vs.hasCompose())
      return true;
    return false;
  }

  private boolean IsNotFixedExpansion(ValueSet vs) {
    if (vs.hasCompose())
      return false;

    if (vs.getCompose().hasImport())
      return true;

    // it's not fixed if it has any includes that are not version fixed
    for (ConceptSetComponent cc : vs.getCompose().getInclude())
      if (!cc.hasVersion())
        return true;
    return false;
  }

  private boolean generateDefinition(XhtmlNode x, ValueSet vs, boolean header) {
    boolean hasExtensions = false;
    Map<ConceptMap, String> mymaps = new HashMap<ConceptMap, String>();
    for (ConceptMap a : context.findMapsForSource(vs.getUrl())) {
      String url = "";
      ValueSet vsr = context.fetchResource(ValueSet.class, ((Reference) a.getTarget()).getReference());
      if (vsr != null)
        url = (String) vsr.getUserData("filename");
      mymaps.put(a, url);
    }
    // also, look in the contained resources for a concept map
    for (Resource r : vs.getContained()) {
      if (r instanceof ConceptMap) {
        ConceptMap cm = (ConceptMap) r;
        if (((Reference) cm.getSource()).getReference().equals(vs.getUrl())) {
          String url = "";
          ValueSet vsr = context.fetchResource(ValueSet.class, ((Reference) cm.getTarget()).getReference());
          if (vsr != null)
            url = (String) vsr.getUserData("filename");
          mymaps.put(cm, url);
        }
      }
    }
    List<String> langs = new ArrayList<String>();

    if (header) {
      XhtmlNode h = x.addTag("h2");
      h.addText(vs.getName());
      XhtmlNode p = x.addTag("p");
      smartAddText(p, vs.getDescription());
      if (vs.hasCopyright())
        generateCopyright(x, vs);
    }
    XhtmlNode p = x.addTag("p");
    p.addText("This value set has an inline code system " + vs.getCodeSystem().getSystem()
        + ", which defines the following codes:");
    XhtmlNode t = x.addTag("table").setAttribute("class", "codes");
    boolean commentS = false;
    boolean deprecated = false;
    boolean display = false;
    boolean hierarchy = false;
    for (ConceptDefinitionComponent c : vs.getCodeSystem().getConcept()) {
      commentS = commentS || conceptsHaveComments(c);
      deprecated = deprecated || conceptsHaveDeprecated(c);
      display = display || conceptsHaveDisplay(c);
      hierarchy = hierarchy || c.hasConcept();
      scanLangs(c, langs);
    }
    addMapHeaders(addTableHeaderRowStandard(t, hierarchy, display, true, commentS, deprecated), mymaps);
    for (ConceptDefinitionComponent c : vs.getCodeSystem().getConcept()) {
      hasExtensions = addDefineRowToTable(t, c, 0, hierarchy, display, commentS, deprecated, mymaps,
          vs.getCodeSystem().getSystem()) || hasExtensions;
    }
    if (langs.size() > 0) {
      Collections.sort(langs);
      x.addTag("p").addTag("b").addText("Additional Language Displays");
      t = x.addTag("table").setAttribute("class", "codes");
      XhtmlNode tr = t.addTag("tr");
      tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Code");
      for (String lang : langs)
        tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText(lang);
      for (ConceptDefinitionComponent c : vs.getCodeSystem().getConcept()) {
        addLanguageRow(c, t, langs);
      }
    }
    return hasExtensions;
  }

  private void addLanguageRow(ConceptDefinitionComponent c, XhtmlNode t, List<String> langs) {
    XhtmlNode tr = t.addTag("tr");
    tr.addTag("td").addText(c.getCode());
    for (String lang : langs) {
      ConceptDefinitionDesignationComponent d = null;
      for (ConceptDefinitionDesignationComponent designation : c.getDesignation()) {
        if (lang.equals(designation.getLanguage()))
          d = designation;
      }
      tr.addTag("td").addText(d == null ? "" : d.getValue());
    }
  }

  private void scanLangs(ConceptDefinitionComponent c, List<String> langs) {
    for (ConceptDefinitionDesignationComponent designation : c.getDesignation()) {
      String lang = designation.getLanguage();
      if (langs != null && !langs.contains(lang))
        langs.add(lang);
    }
    for (ConceptDefinitionComponent g : c.getConcept())
      scanLangs(g, langs);
  }

  private void addMapHeaders(XhtmlNode tr, Map<ConceptMap, String> mymaps) {
    for (ConceptMap m : mymaps.keySet()) {
      XhtmlNode td = tr.addTag("td");
      XhtmlNode b = td.addTag("b");
      XhtmlNode a = b.addTag("a");
      a.setAttribute("href", prefix + mymaps.get(m));
      a.addText(m.hasDescription() ? m.getDescription() : m.getName());
    }
  }

  private void smartAddText(XhtmlNode p, String text) {
    if (text == null)
      return;

    String[] lines = text.split("\\r\\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
      if (i > 0)
        p.addTag("br");
      p.addText(lines[i]);
    }
  }

  private boolean conceptsHaveComments(ConceptDefinitionComponent c) {
    if (ToolingExtensions.hasComment(c))
      return true;
    for (ConceptDefinitionComponent g : c.getConcept())
      if (conceptsHaveComments(g))
        return true;
    return false;
  }

  private boolean conceptsHaveDisplay(ConceptDefinitionComponent c) {
    if (c.hasDisplay())
      return true;
    for (ConceptDefinitionComponent g : c.getConcept())
      if (conceptsHaveDisplay(g))
        return true;
    return false;
  }

  private boolean conceptsHaveDeprecated(ConceptDefinitionComponent c) {
    if (ToolingExtensions.hasDeprecated(c))
      return true;
    for (ConceptDefinitionComponent g : c.getConcept())
      if (conceptsHaveDeprecated(g))
        return true;
    return false;
  }

  private void generateCopyright(XhtmlNode x, ValueSet vs) {
    XhtmlNode p = x.addTag("p");
    p.addTag("b").addText("Copyright Statement:");
    smartAddText(p, " " + vs.getCopyright());
  }

  private XhtmlNode addTableHeaderRowStandard(XhtmlNode t, boolean hasHierarchy, boolean hasDisplay,
      boolean definitions, boolean comments, boolean deprecated) {
    XhtmlNode tr = t.addTag("tr");
    if (hasHierarchy)
      tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Lvl");
    tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Code");
    if (hasDisplay)
      tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Display");
    if (definitions)
      tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Definition");
    if (deprecated)
      tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Deprecated");
    if (comments)
      tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Comments");
    return tr;
  }

  private void addExpansionRowToTable(XhtmlNode t, ValueSetExpansionContainsComponent c, int i, boolean doSystem,
      Map<ConceptMap, String> mymaps) {
    XhtmlNode tr = t.addTag("tr");
    XhtmlNode td = tr.addTag("td");

    String tgt = makeAnchor(c.getSystem(), c.getCode());
    td.addTag("a").setAttribute("name", tgt).addText(" ");

    String s = Utilities.padLeft("", '.', i * 2);

    td.addText(s);
    Resource e = context.fetchCodeSystem(c.getSystem());
    if (e == null)
      td.addText(c.getCode());
    else {
      XhtmlNode a = td.addTag("a");
      a.addText(c.getCode());
      a.setAttribute("href", prefix + getCsRef(e) + "#" + Utilities.nmtokenize(c.getCode()));
    }
    if (doSystem) {
      td = tr.addTag("td");
      td.addText(c.getSystem());
    }
    td = tr.addTag("td");
    if (c.hasDisplayElement())
      td.addText(c.getDisplay());

    for (ConceptMap m : mymaps.keySet()) {
      td = tr.addTag("td");
      List<TargetElementComponent> mappings = findMappingsForCode(c.getCode(), m);
      boolean first = true;
      for (TargetElementComponent mapping : mappings) {
        if (!first)
          td.addTag("br");
        first = false;
        XhtmlNode span = td.addTag("span");
        span.setAttribute("title", mapping.getEquivalence().toString());
        span.addText(getCharForEquivalence(mapping));
        XhtmlNode a = td.addTag("a");
        a.setAttribute("href", prefix + mymaps.get(m) + "#" + mapping.getCode());
        a.addText(mapping.getCode());
        if (!Utilities.noString(mapping.getComments()))
          td.addTag("i").addText("(" + mapping.getComments() + ")");
      }
    }
    for (ValueSetExpansionContainsComponent cc : c.getContains()) {
      addExpansionRowToTable(t, cc, i + 1, doSystem, mymaps);
    }
  }

  private boolean addDefineRowToTable(XhtmlNode t, ConceptDefinitionComponent c, int i, boolean hasHierarchy,
      boolean hasDisplay, boolean comment, boolean deprecated, Map<ConceptMap, String> maps, String system) {
    boolean hasExtensions = false;
    XhtmlNode tr = t.addTag("tr");
    XhtmlNode td = tr.addTag("td");
    if (hasHierarchy) {
      td.addText(Integer.toString(i + 1));
      td = tr.addTag("td");
      String s = Utilities.padLeft("", '\u00A0', i * 2);
      td.addText(s);
    }
    td.addText(c.getCode());
    XhtmlNode a;
    if (c.hasCodeElement()) {
      a = td.addTag("a");
      a.setAttribute("name", Utilities.nmtokenize(c.getCode()));
      a.addText(" ");
    }

    if (hasDisplay) {
      td = tr.addTag("td");
      if (c.hasDisplayElement())
        td.addText(c.getDisplay());
    }
    td = tr.addTag("td");
    if (c != null)
      smartAddText(td, c.getDefinition());
    if (deprecated) {
      td = tr.addTag("td");
      Boolean b = ToolingExtensions.getDeprecated(c);
      if (b != null && b) {
        smartAddText(td, "Deprecated");
        hasExtensions = true;
        if (ToolingExtensions.hasExtension(c, ToolingExtensions.EXT_REPLACED_BY)) {
          Coding cc = (Coding) ToolingExtensions.getExtension(c, ToolingExtensions.EXT_REPLACED_BY).getValue();
          td.addText(" (replaced by ");
          String url = getCodingReference(cc, system);
          if (url != null) {
            td.addTag("a").setAttribute("href", url).addText(cc.getCode());
            td.addText(": " + cc.getDisplay() + ")");
          } else
            td.addText(cc.getCode() + " '" + cc.getDisplay() + "' in " + cc.getSystem() + ")");
        }
      }
    }
    if (comment) {
      td = tr.addTag("td");
      String s = ToolingExtensions.getComment(c);
      if (s != null) {
        smartAddText(td, s);
        hasExtensions = true;
      }
    }
    for (ConceptMap m : maps.keySet()) {
      td = tr.addTag("td");
      List<TargetElementComponent> mappings = findMappingsForCode(c.getCode(), m);
      boolean first = true;
      for (TargetElementComponent mapping : mappings) {
        if (!first)
          td.addTag("br");
        first = false;
        XhtmlNode span = td.addTag("span");
        span.setAttribute("title", mapping.hasEquivalence() ? mapping.getEquivalence().toCode() : "");
        span.addText(getCharForEquivalence(mapping));
        a = td.addTag("a");
        a.setAttribute("href", prefix + maps.get(m) + "#" + makeAnchor(mapping.getCodeSystem(), mapping.getCode()));
        a.addText(mapping.getCode());
        if (!Utilities.noString(mapping.getComments()))
          td.addTag("i").addText("(" + mapping.getComments() + ")");
      }
    }
    for (CodeType e : ToolingExtensions.getSubsumes(c)) {
      hasExtensions = true;
      tr = t.addTag("tr");
      td = tr.addTag("td");
      String s = Utilities.padLeft("", '.', i * 2);
      td.addText(s);
      a = td.addTag("a");
      a.setAttribute("href", "#" + Utilities.nmtokenize(e.getValue()));
      a.addText(c.getCode());
    }
    for (ConceptDefinitionComponent cc : c.getConcept()) {
      hasExtensions = addDefineRowToTable(t, cc, i + 1, hasHierarchy, hasDisplay, comment, deprecated, maps, system)
          || hasExtensions;
    }
    return hasExtensions;
  }

  private String makeAnchor(String codeSystem, String code) {
    String s = codeSystem + '-' + code;
    StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
    for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
      if (Character.isAlphabetic(c) || Character.isDigit(c) || c == '.')
        b.append(c);
      else
        b.append('-');
    }
    return b.toString();
  }

  private String getCodingReference(Coding cc, String system) {
    if (cc.getSystem().equals(system))
      return "#" + cc.getCode();
    if (cc.getSystem().equals("http://snomed.info/sct"))
      return "http://snomed.info/sct/" + cc.getCode();
    if (cc.getSystem().equals("http://loinc.org"))
      return LoincLinker.getLinkForCode(cc.getCode());
    return null;
  }

  private String getCharForEquivalence(TargetElementComponent mapping) {
    if (!mapping.hasEquivalence())
      return "";
    switch (mapping.getEquivalence()) {
    case EQUAL:
      return "=";
    case EQUIVALENT:
      return "~";
    case WIDER:
      return "<";
    case NARROWER:
      return ">";
    case INEXACT:
      return "><";
    case UNMATCHED:
      return "-";
    case DISJOINT:
      return "!=";
    case NULL:
      return null;
    default:
      return "?";
    }
  }

  private List<TargetElementComponent> findMappingsForCode(String code, ConceptMap map) {
    List<TargetElementComponent> mappings = new ArrayList<TargetElementComponent>();

    for (SourceElementComponent c : map.getElement()) {
      if (c.getCode().equals(code))
        mappings.addAll(c.getTarget());
    }
    return mappings;
  }

  private boolean generateComposition(XhtmlNode x, ValueSet vs, boolean header) {
    boolean hasExtensions = false;
    if (!vs.hasCodeSystem()) {
      if (header) {
        XhtmlNode h = x.addTag("h2");
        h.addText(vs.getName());
        XhtmlNode p = x.addTag("p");
        smartAddText(p, vs.getDescription());
        if (vs.hasCopyrightElement())
          generateCopyright(x, vs);
      }
      XhtmlNode p = x.addTag("p");
      p.addText("This value set includes codes from the following code systems:");
    } else {
      XhtmlNode p = x.addTag("p");
      p.addText("In addition, this value set includes codes from other code systems:");
    }

    XhtmlNode ul = x.addTag("ul");
    XhtmlNode li;
    for (UriType imp : vs.getCompose().getImport()) {
      li = ul.addTag("li");
      li.addText("Import all the codes that are contained in ");
      AddVsRef(imp.getValue(), li);
    }
    for (ConceptSetComponent inc : vs.getCompose().getInclude()) {
      hasExtensions = genInclude(ul, inc, "Include") || hasExtensions;
    }
    for (ConceptSetComponent exc : vs.getCompose().getExclude()) {
      hasExtensions = genInclude(ul, exc, "Exclude") || hasExtensions;
    }
    return hasExtensions;
  }

  private void AddVsRef(String value, XhtmlNode li) {

    ValueSet vs = context.fetchResource(ValueSet.class, value);
    if (vs == null)
      vs = context.fetchCodeSystem(value);
    if (vs != null) {
      String ref = (String) vs.getUserData("path");
      ref = adjustForPath(ref);
      XhtmlNode a = li.addTag("a");
      a.setAttribute("href", ref == null ? "??" : ref.replace("\\", "/"));
      a.addText(value);
    } else if (value.equals("http://snomed.info/sct") || value.equals("http://snomed.info/id")) {
      XhtmlNode a = li.addTag("a");
      a.setAttribute("href", value);
      a.addText("SNOMED-CT");
    } else
      li.addText(value);
  }

  private String adjustForPath(String ref) {
    if (prefix == null)
      return ref;
    else
      return prefix + ref;
  }

  private boolean genInclude(XhtmlNode ul, ConceptSetComponent inc, String type) {
    boolean hasExtensions = false;
    XhtmlNode li;
    li = ul.addTag("li");
    ValueSet e = context.fetchCodeSystem(inc.getSystem());

    if (inc.getConcept().size() == 0 && inc.getFilter().size() == 0) {
      li.addText(type + " all codes defined in ");
      addCsRef(inc, li, e);
    } else {
      if (inc.getConcept().size() > 0) {
        li.addText(type + " these codes as defined in ");
        addCsRef(inc, li, e);

        XhtmlNode t = li.addTag("table");
        boolean hasComments = false;
        boolean hasDefinition = false;
        for (ConceptReferenceComponent c : inc.getConcept()) {
          hasComments = hasComments || ExtensionHelper.hasExtension(c, ToolingExtensions.EXT_COMMENT);
          hasDefinition = hasDefinition || ExtensionHelper.hasExtension(c, ToolingExtensions.EXT_DEFINITION);
        }
        if (hasComments || hasDefinition)
          hasExtensions = true;
        addTableHeaderRowStandard(t, false, true, hasDefinition, hasComments, false);
        for (ConceptReferenceComponent c : inc.getConcept()) {
          XhtmlNode tr = t.addTag("tr");
          tr.addTag("td").addText(c.getCode());
          ConceptDefinitionComponent cc = getConceptForCode(e, c.getCode(), inc.getSystem());

          XhtmlNode td = tr.addTag("td");
          if (!Utilities.noString(c.getDisplay()))
            td.addText(c.getDisplay());
          else if (cc != null && !Utilities.noString(cc.getDisplay()))
            td.addText(cc.getDisplay());

          td = tr.addTag("td");
          if (ExtensionHelper.hasExtension(c, ToolingExtensions.EXT_DEFINITION))
            smartAddText(td, ToolingExtensions.readStringExtension(c, ToolingExtensions.EXT_DEFINITION));
          else if (cc != null && !Utilities.noString(cc.getDefinition()))
            smartAddText(td, cc.getDefinition());

          if (ExtensionHelper.hasExtension(c, ToolingExtensions.EXT_COMMENT)) {
            smartAddText(tr.addTag("td"),
                "Note: " + ToolingExtensions.readStringExtension(c, ToolingExtensions.EXT_COMMENT));
          }
        }
      }
      boolean first = true;
      for (ConceptSetFilterComponent f : inc.getFilter()) {
        if (first) {
          li.addText(type + " codes from ");
          first = false;
        } else
          li.addText(" and ");
        addCsRef(inc, li, e);
        li.addText(" where " + f.getProperty() + " " + describe(f.getOp()) + " ");
        if (e != null && codeExistsInValueSet(e, f.getValue())) {
          XhtmlNode a = li.addTag("a");
          a.addText(f.getValue());
          a.setAttribute("href", prefix + getCsRef(e) + "#" + Utilities.nmtokenize(f.getValue()));
        } else
          li.addText(f.getValue());
        String disp = ToolingExtensions.getDisplayHint(f);
        if (disp != null)
          li.addText(" (" + disp + ")");
      }
    }
    return hasExtensions;
  }

  private String describe(FilterOperator opSimple) {
    switch (opSimple) {
    case EQUAL:
      return " = ";
    case ISA:
      return " is-a ";
    case ISNOTA:
      return " is-not-a ";
    case REGEX:
      return " matches (by regex) ";
    case NULL:
      return " ?? ";
    case IN:
      return " in ";
    case NOTIN:
      return " not in ";
    }
    return null;
  }

  private <T extends Resource> ConceptDefinitionComponent getConceptForCode(T e, String code, String system) {
    if (e == null) {
      return context.validateCode(system, code, null).asConceptDefinition();
    }
    ValueSet vs = (ValueSet) e;
    if (!vs.hasCodeSystem())
      return null;
    for (ConceptDefinitionComponent c : vs.getCodeSystem().getConcept()) {
      ConceptDefinitionComponent v = getConceptForCode(c, code);
      if (v != null)
        return v;
    }
    return null;
  }

  private ConceptDefinitionComponent getConceptForCode(ConceptDefinitionComponent c, String code) {
    if (code.equals(c.getCode()))
      return c;
    for (ConceptDefinitionComponent cc : c.getConcept()) {
      ConceptDefinitionComponent v = getConceptForCode(cc, code);
      if (v != null)
        return v;
    }
    return null;
  }

  private <T extends Resource> void addCsRef(ConceptSetComponent inc, XhtmlNode li, T cs) {
    String ref = null;
    if (cs != null) {
      ref = (String) cs.getUserData("filename");
      if (Utilities.noString(ref))
        ref = (String) cs.getUserData("path");
    }
    if (cs != null && ref != null) {
      if (!Utilities.noString(prefix) && ref.startsWith("http://hl7.org/fhir/"))
        ref = ref.substring(20) + "/index.html";
      else if (!ref.endsWith(".html"))
        ref = ref + ".html";
      XhtmlNode a = li.addTag("a");
      a.setAttribute("href", prefix + ref.replace("\\", "/"));
      a.addText(inc.getSystem().toString());
    } else
      li.addText(inc.getSystem().toString());
  }

  private <T extends Resource> String getCsRef(T cs) {
    String ref = (String) cs.getUserData("filename");
    if (ref == null)
      return "??";
    if (!ref.endsWith(".html"))
      ref = ref + ".html";
    return ref.replace("\\", "/");
  }

  private <T extends Resource> boolean codeExistsInValueSet(T cs, String code) {
    ValueSet vs = (ValueSet) cs;
    for (ConceptDefinitionComponent c : vs.getCodeSystem().getConcept()) {
      if (inConcept(code, c))
        return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  private boolean inConcept(String code, ConceptDefinitionComponent c) {
    if (c.hasCodeElement() && c.getCode().equals(code))
      return true;
    for (ConceptDefinitionComponent g : c.getConcept()) {
      if (inConcept(code, g))
        return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * This generate is optimised for the build tool in that it tracks the source
   * extension. But it can be used for any other use.
   *
   * @param vs
   * @param codeSystems
   * @throws DefinitionException
   * @throws Exception
   */
  public void generate(OperationOutcome op) throws DefinitionException {
    XhtmlNode x = new XhtmlNode(NodeType.Element, "div");
    boolean hasSource = false;
    boolean success = true;
    for (OperationOutcomeIssueComponent i : op.getIssue()) {
      success = success && i.getSeverity() == IssueSeverity.INFORMATION;
      hasSource = hasSource || ExtensionHelper.hasExtension(i, ToolingExtensions.EXT_ISSUE_SOURCE);
    }
    if (success)
      x.addTag("p").addText("All OK");
    if (op.getIssue().size() > 0) {
      XhtmlNode tbl = x.addTag("table");
      tbl.setAttribute("class", "grid"); // on the basis that we'll most likely be rendered using the standard fhir css,
                                         // but it doesn't really matter
      XhtmlNode tr = tbl.addTag("tr");
      tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Severity");
      tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Location");
      tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Code");
      tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Details");
      tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Diagnostics");
      if (hasSource)
        tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Source");
      for (OperationOutcomeIssueComponent i : op.getIssue()) {
        tr = tbl.addTag("tr");
        tr.addTag("td").addText(i.getSeverity().toString());
        XhtmlNode td = tr.addTag("td");
        boolean d = false;
        for (StringType s : i.getLocation()) {
          if (d)
            td.addText(", ");
          else
            d = true;
          td.addText(s.getValue());
        }
        tr.addTag("td").addText(i.getCode().getDisplay());
        tr.addTag("td").addText(gen(i.getDetails()));
        smartAddText(tr.addTag("td"), i.getDiagnostics());
        if (hasSource) {
          Extension ext = ExtensionHelper.getExtension(i, ToolingExtensions.EXT_ISSUE_SOURCE);
          tr.addTag("td").addText(ext == null ? "" : gen(ext));
        }
      }
    }
    inject(op, x, hasSource ? NarrativeStatus.EXTENSIONS : NarrativeStatus.GENERATED);
  }

  private String gen(Extension extension) throws DefinitionException {
    if (extension.getValue() instanceof CodeType)
      return ((CodeType) extension.getValue()).getValue();
    if (extension.getValue() instanceof Coding)
      return gen((Coding) extension.getValue());

    throw new DefinitionException("Unhandled type " + extension.getValue().getClass().getName());
  }

  private String gen(CodeableConcept code) {
    if (code == null)
      return null;
    if (code.hasText())
      return code.getText();
    if (code.hasCoding())
      return gen(code.getCoding().get(0));
    return null;
  }

  private String gen(Coding code) {
    if (code == null)
      return null;
    if (code.hasDisplayElement())
      return code.getDisplay();
    if (code.hasCodeElement())
      return code.getCode();
    return null;
  }

  public void generate(OperationDefinition opd) throws EOperationOutcome, FHIRException, IOException {
    XhtmlNode x = new XhtmlNode(NodeType.Element, "div");
    x.addTag("h2").addText(opd.getName());
    x.addTag("p").addText(Utilities.capitalize(opd.getKind().toString()) + ": " + opd.getName());
    addMarkdown(x, opd.getDescription());

    if (opd.getSystem())
      x.addTag("p").addText("URL: [base]/$" + opd.getCode());
    for (CodeType c : opd.getType()) {
      x.addTag("p").addText("URL: [base]/" + c.getValue() + "/$" + opd.getCode());
      if (opd.getInstance())
        x.addTag("p").addText("URL: [base]/" + c.getValue() + "/[id]/$" + opd.getCode());
    }

    x.addTag("p").addText("Parameters");
    XhtmlNode tbl = x.addTag("table").setAttribute("class", "grid");
    XhtmlNode tr = tbl.addTag("tr");
    tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Use");
    tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Name");
    tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Cardinality");
    tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Type");
    tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Binding");
    tr.addTag("td").addTag("b").addText("Documentation");
    for (OperationDefinitionParameterComponent p : opd.getParameter()) {
      genOpParam(tbl, "", p);
    }
    addMarkdown(x, opd.getNotes());
    inject(opd, x, NarrativeStatus.GENERATED);
  }

  private void genOpParam(XhtmlNode tbl, String path, OperationDefinitionParameterComponent p)
      throws EOperationOutcome, FHIRException, IOException {
    XhtmlNode tr;
    tr = tbl.addTag("tr");
    tr.addTag("td").addText(p.getUse().toString());
    tr.addTag("td").addText(path + p.getName());
    tr.addTag("td").addText(Integer.toString(p.getMin()) + ".." + p.getMax());
    tr.addTag("td").addText(p.hasType() ? p.getType() : "");
    XhtmlNode td = tr.addTag("td");
    if (p.hasBinding() && p.getBinding().hasValueSet()) {
      if (p.getBinding().getValueSet() instanceof Reference)
        AddVsRef(p.getBinding().getValueSetReference().getReference(), td);
      else
        td.addTag("a").setAttribute("href", p.getBinding().getValueSetUriType().getValue())
            .addText("External Reference");
      td.addText(" (" + p.getBinding().getStrength().getDisplay() + ")");
    }
    addMarkdown(tr.addTag("td"), p.getDocumentation());
    if (!p.hasType()) {
      for (OperationDefinitionParameterComponent pp : p.getPart()) {
        genOpParam(tbl, path + p.getName() + ".", pp);
      }
    }
  }

  private void addMarkdown(XhtmlNode x, String text) throws FHIRFormatError, IOException, DefinitionException {
    if (text != null) {
      // 1. custom FHIR extensions
      while (text.contains("[[[")) {
        String left = text.substring(0, text.indexOf("[[["));
        String link = text.substring(text.indexOf("[[[") + 3, text.indexOf("]]]"));
        String right = text.substring(text.indexOf("]]]") + 3);
        String url = link;
        String[] parts = link.split("\\#");
        StructureDefinition p = context.fetchResource(StructureDefinition.class, parts[0]);
        if (p == null)
          p = context.fetchTypeDefinition(parts[0]);
        if (p == null)
          p = context.fetchResource(StructureDefinition.class, link);
        if (p != null) {
          url = p.getUserString("path");
          if (url == null)
            url = p.getUserString("filename");
        } else
          throw new DefinitionException("Unable to resolve markdown link " + link);

        text = left + "[" + link + "](" + url + ")" + right;
      }

      // 2. markdown
      String s = new MarkDownProcessor(Dialect.DARING_FIREBALL).process(Utilities.escapeXml(text),
          "NarrativeGenerator");
      XhtmlParser p = new XhtmlParser();
      XhtmlNode m = p.parse("<div>" + s + "</div>", "div");
      x.addChildNodes(m.getChildNodes());
    }
  }

  public void generate(Conformance conf) {
    XhtmlNode x = new XhtmlNode(NodeType.Element, "div");
    x.addTag("h2").addText(conf.getName());
    smartAddText(x.addTag("p"), conf.getDescription());
    ConformanceRestComponent rest = conf.getRest().get(0);
    XhtmlNode t = x.addTag("table");
    addTableRow(t, "Mode", rest.getMode().toString());
    addTableRow(t, "Description", rest.getDocumentation());

    addTableRow(t, "Transaction", showOp(rest, SystemRestfulInteraction.TRANSACTION));
    addTableRow(t, "System History", showOp(rest, SystemRestfulInteraction.HISTORYSYSTEM));
    addTableRow(t, "System Search", showOp(rest, SystemRestfulInteraction.SEARCHSYSTEM));

    t = x.addTag("table");
    XhtmlNode tr = t.addTag("tr");
    tr.addTag("th").addTag("b").addText("Resource Type");
    tr.addTag("th").addTag("b").addText("Profile");
    tr.addTag("th").addTag("b").addText("Read");
    tr.addTag("th").addTag("b").addText("V-Read");
    tr.addTag("th").addTag("b").addText("Search");
    tr.addTag("th").addTag("b").addText("Update");
    tr.addTag("th").addTag("b").addText("Updates");
    tr.addTag("th").addTag("b").addText("Create");
    tr.addTag("th").addTag("b").addText("Delete");
    tr.addTag("th").addTag("b").addText("History");

    for (ConformanceRestResourceComponent r : rest.getResource()) {
      tr = t.addTag("tr");
      tr.addTag("td").addText(r.getType());
      if (r.hasProfile()) {
        XhtmlNode a = tr.addTag("td").addTag("a");
        a.addText(r.getProfile().getReference());
        a.setAttribute("href", prefix + r.getProfile().getReference());
      }
      tr.addTag("td").addText(showOp(r, TypeRestfulInteraction.READ));
      tr.addTag("td").addText(showOp(r, TypeRestfulInteraction.VREAD));
      tr.addTag("td").addText(showOp(r, TypeRestfulInteraction.SEARCHTYPE));
      tr.addTag("td").addText(showOp(r, TypeRestfulInteraction.UPDATE));
      tr.addTag("td").addText(showOp(r, TypeRestfulInteraction.HISTORYINSTANCE));
      tr.addTag("td").addText(showOp(r, TypeRestfulInteraction.CREATE));
      tr.addTag("td").addText(showOp(r, TypeRestfulInteraction.DELETE));
      tr.addTag("td").addText(showOp(r, TypeRestfulInteraction.HISTORYTYPE));
    }

    inject(conf, x, NarrativeStatus.GENERATED);
  }

  private String showOp(ConformanceRestResourceComponent r, TypeRestfulInteraction on) {
    for (ResourceInteractionComponent op : r.getInteraction()) {
      if (op.getCode() == on)
        return "y";
    }
    return "";
  }

  private String showOp(ConformanceRestComponent r, SystemRestfulInteraction on) {
    for (SystemInteractionComponent op : r.getInteraction()) {
      if (op.getCode() == on)
        return "y";
    }
    return "";
  }

  private void addTableRow(XhtmlNode t, String name, String value) {
    XhtmlNode tr = t.addTag("tr");
    tr.addTag("td").addText(name);
    tr.addTag("td").addText(value);
  }

  public XhtmlNode generateDocumentNarrative(Bundle feed) {
    /*
     * When the document is presented for human consumption, applications must
     * present the collated narrative portions of the following resources in order:
     * The Composition resource The Subject resource Resources referenced in the
     * section.content
     */
    XhtmlNode root = new XhtmlNode(NodeType.Element, "div");
    Composition comp = (Composition) feed.getEntry().get(0).getResource();
    root.addChildNode(comp.getText().getDiv());
    Resource subject = ResourceUtilities.getById(feed, null, comp.getSubject().getReference());
    if (subject != null && subject instanceof DomainResource) {
      root.addTag("hr");
      root.addChildNode(((DomainResource) subject).getText().getDiv());
    }
    List<SectionComponent> sections = comp.getSection();
    renderSections(feed, root, sections, 1);
    return root;
  }

  private void renderSections(Bundle feed, XhtmlNode node, List<SectionComponent> sections, int level) {
    for (SectionComponent section : sections) {
      node.addTag("hr");
      if (section.hasTitleElement())
        node.addTag("h" + Integer.toString(level)).addText(section.getTitle());
//      else if (section.hasCode())
//        node.addTag("h"+Integer.toString(level)).addText(displayCodeableConcept(section.getCode()));

//      if (section.hasText()) {
//        node.addChildNode(section.getText().getDiv());
//      }
//
//      if (!section.getSection().isEmpty()) {
//        renderSections(feed, node.addTag("blockquote"), section.getSection(), level+1);
//      }
    }
  }

  public boolean isPretty() {
    return pretty;
  }

  public void setPretty(boolean pretty) {
    this.pretty = pretty;
  }

}